Spanish Political Landscape: From UCD’s Demise to PP’s Rise

The Decline of the UCD and the Rise of New Parties

The Union of Democratic Center (UCD) experienced very poor results, which led to its demise as a political force. Adolfo Suarez attempted to revive the political center by establishing the Social Democratic Center (CDS).

The Communist Party and the Left

The PCE’s parliamentary representation was reduced to four deputies, causing its historic leader to resign. This led to a major crisis within the Communist Party. Mid-decade, a coalition of leftist

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Rise of the Nazi Party in Germany: 1929-1933

The Rise of the Nazi Party in Germany: 1929-1933

When the effects of the 1929 crisis began to be felt, large landowners, industrialists, the main sectors of the army, and President Hindenburg himself sought a substitute for the Social Democrat Hermann Müller in the Chancellery. In 1930, Heinrich Brüning, a former official and parliamentary leader of the Zentrum, was appointed. He inaugurated the presidential government, relying on the extraordinary powers provided in Article 48, provided that the

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Understanding Proportional Electoral Formulas and Thresholds

Proportional Electoral Formulas

Proportional electoral formulas aim to distribute seats proportionally to the votes received by each competing force in a constituency. This system helps to avoid inequalities and ensures that each political party’s representation aligns with its actual support.

In our electoral system, achieving perfect proportional representation is challenging. The legislature could choose between various organic formulas that offer proportionality, but currently, the Dhondt formula

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Understanding Political Regimes: Democracy and Non-Democracy

Political Regimes

There are different political regimes in the world. Some are democratic, and others are non-democratic. Each state manages its territory following a series of rules and institutions that apply laws. Democracy is the most widespread regime.

Democracy

It is based on the principles of individual liberty and equality before the law. It advocates the separation of powers:

  • Legislative power: Has the mission of making and passing laws.
  • Judicial power: Has the function of administering justice
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Understanding Political Systems and Human Rights

Elections: Regularly scheduled and free elections allow the citizens of a country to select their rulers and lawmakers.

Mixed-Member Proportional System: Voters cast two ballots (local and national candidate list) to ensure the parliament is made up of both local and national representatives.

Interest Group: An organization that seeks to influence legislators on behalf of a particular cause or interest; it may have a local, national, or international basis. Examples include The Council of Canadians

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