Bundestag: Composition, Election, and Role in German Politics
The Bundestag (Federal Diet)
Through the formal election of the President of the Government by Parliament, or with procedures such as the vote of confidence, or a plebiscite to reject legislative initiatives, the intention was to strengthen the parliamentary character. Moreover, the role of the Federal President in the parliament was reduced and subjected to tight regulatory control, especially regarding the dissolution of the legislative chambers. Either way, the role of Parliament could not go
Read MoreUnderstanding Colons and Semicolons in Writing
Colons and Semicolons: A Detailed Look
Colons and semicolons are two frequently misunderstood punctuation marks in the English language. While they might seem interchangeable to some, they have distinct uses that, when understood, can significantly improve the clarity and flow of your writing. This document provides a comprehensive look at their proper usage.
Using the Colon (:)
The colon (:) has several key functions:
- Introducing a List: A colon often precedes a list of items. Example: “I need to buy
Separation of Powers: Models and Interpretations
The Division of Powers
The model offered by Baron de Montesquieu was clearly influenced by British constitutional practice. Its basic ideas are as follows:
- The main functions of the state, divided into legislative, executive, and judicial, are attributed to Parliament, the government, and courts of justice, respectively.
- The powers are interrelated through a system of corrective measures, vetoes, and controlling the activity of others. There is an integration of technical criteria and values. The basic
Federal President and Parliament in Germany
As for communal politics, the allocation to the districts and communities the ability to organize local affairs is enshrined in the constitution. The local authority has the same safeguard clauses which the Länder have, and the decentralization principle valid for the scope of the Länder is also applicable here.
The Federal President
The memory of the political implications of the post of Federal President for the Weimar Republic led to the Basic Law in this paper figure being varied substantially.
Read MoreUnderstanding the Federal State: Origins, Concepts, and Structure
The Federal State
Origin and Concept
The federal state first appeared with the U.S. Constitution in 1787. Until then, there were only two types of states: the unitary state and the confederacy. The federal state is an intermediate form between the two. Later, the federal model was extended to Latin American states (Mexico, Argentina, Brazil), Switzerland (1848), and Germany (1871).
Historically, the federal government can arise in two ways:
- As a result of a legal and political relationship between previously
Understanding Democracy: Principles, History, and Participation
Democracy: Principles and Organization
Democracy is a system of political organization where power resides with the people, collectively decided. To regulate the coexistence of societies, it’s necessary to adopt an organized set of principles, rules, or standards, which we call the system of political organization. Democracy also implies a form of coexistence, extending to all fields of social life, and ensures various forms of participation and institutions open to the public.
History of Democracy
In
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