Effective Merchandising and Distribution Strategies

Merchandising Strategies

Merchandising: A set of media that helps to showcase a product at the point of sale.

Key Merchandising Elements:

  1. Posters
  2. Product status displays
  3. Battery product presentations
  4. Product variety
  5. Decorations
  6. Movement and lighting
  7. Competitions
  8. Demonstrations and tastings

Distribution Functions

Transportation

Transportation: Decisions affecting the most appropriate means of transport, batch size, and frequency.

Storage

Storage: Can occur at various stores involving intermediaries in the distribution

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Macroeconomics: Understanding GDP, Income, and Expenditure

Economics Fundamentals

Microeconomics

  • Focuses on how individuals and firms make decisions.
  • Examines interactions in specific markets.

Macroeconomics

  • The study of economy-wide phenomena.
  • Includes topics like inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.

Income and Expenditure in Macroeconomics

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

  • Measures the total income of everyone in the economy.
  • Also measures the total expenditure on the economy’s output of goods and services.

Income Equals Expenditure Principle

  • For the economy
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Bank Balance Sheets, Risk, and Monetary Policy

Understanding the Balance Sheet

A Balance Sheet is a statement that shows an individual’s or a firm’s financial position on a particular day. The typical layout of a balance sheet is based on the following accounting equation:

Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’ Equity.

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An Asset is something of value that an individual or a firm owns, particularly a financial claim. A Liability is something that an individual or a firm owes, particularly a financial claim on an individual or a firm. Bank capital

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Core International Trade Theories and Concepts

Ricardian Theory: Comparative Advantage in Trade

The Ricardian theory of international trade, developed by David Ricardo in 1817, explains why countries engage in trade based on comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage.

Key Idea: Comparative Advantage

A country should specialize in producing goods that it can produce at a lower opportunity cost and trade for goods that it produces at a higher opportunity cost.

Example:

  • India: Produces textiles efficiently (low labor cost) but struggles with
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International Trade Dynamics: Policies and Agreements

International Trade Fundamentals

International trade is the exchange of goods, services, and capital between countries. Several factors affect the production capabilities of different countries:

Key Factors in Production

  • Weather conditions
  • Mineral wealth
  • Technology
  • Available quantity of labor, capital, and land

Benefits of Free Trade

Some benefits associated with free trade include promoting competition, specialization, and technological advances. It can also increase productivity, enhance consumer welfare

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Understanding Wage Payment Structures and Regulations

Wage Receipt Requirements

Wage receipts must be delivered using the official model and conserved in detail for six years. A wage receipt should include: Wages + Accessories – Deductions = Net Pay.

Wage Structure Components

Base Salary

The base salary is the worker’s pay, set by unit of time, labor, or both, without regard to circumstances that warrant allowances.

Accessories

Accessories are amounts added to the base salary, fixed in response to circumstances relating to the worker, the work done, or the

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