Policy, Growth and Food Security: Institutions, Subsidies, Population
Lecture 13: Policy Frameworks and Public Health
Lecture 13: This lecture analyzes policy frameworks by asking, “Who should do what?” It compares the roles and limits of four key actors:
- Families/Individuals — best at knowing needs and showing devotion; limited by resources.
- Communities — best at local coordination and devotion; limited by scale.
- Governments — best at coercion and large-scale coordination; limited by borders.
- International organizations — best at cross-boundary issues; limited
Essential Economics Concepts: Markets, Policy, and Global Trade
Foundations of Economic Systems
Market and Command Economies
In a market-oriented economy, the amount of a good that is produced is primarily decided by the interaction of: buyers and sellers.
In countries like _____________ the command economy predominates: Cuba and North Korea.
Which of the following best denotes the reason for the existence of substantial black markets? A command economy.
Macroeconomics and the Circular Flow
If macroeconomics looks at the economy as a whole, it focuses on which of
Read MoreGreat Depression Key Terms and Definitions
Great Depression Terms and Definitions
Installment buying
Installment buying: Purchasing a commodity over a period of time. The buyer gains use of the commodity immediately and then pays for it in periodic payments called installments.
Bull market
Bull market: A market in which share prices are rising, encouraging buying.
Speculation
Speculation: With only loose stock market regulations in place before the Great Depression, investors were able to speculate wildly, buying stocks on margin and needing only
Read MoreEconomics Exam Answers: MCQ Key and Short Answer Solutions
Objective
50 × 1 = 50
1. D 11. A 21. B 31. D 41. D 2. C 12. B 22. D 32. A 42. C 3. D 13. A 23. B 33. B 43. A 4. D 14. C 24. A 34. C 44. D 5. B 15. A 25. D 35. C 45. C 6. B 16. B 26. C 36. A 46. D 7. D 17. A 27. A 37. A 47. D 8. C 18. C 28. B 38. D 48. C 9. B 19. A 29. B 39. A 49. C 10. A 20. A 30. B 40. D 50. D
Section B — Short Answers
1. What is meant by factor price determination?
Factor price determination
Read MoreMarxist Theory: Value, Surplus, and Capital Accumulation
Chapter 2: The Qualitative-Value Problem
1. Commodity – The Starting Point
A commodity = anything made to sell, not for personal use.
Marx studies exchange as a social process, not just a trade of things.
2. Two Sides of a Commodity
- Use Value → Usefulness (satisfies wants).
- Exchange Value → How much it trades for.
Marx focuses on exchange value because it shows social relations in capitalism.
3. Value Comes from Labor
The value of a commodity comes from labor used to produce it.
Labor has two sides:
Read MoreTitanium Dioxide, Cola, Pharma & Express Mail Analysis
Reasons Titanium Dioxide Is a Commodity
There are many reasons and mechanisms that make the titanium dioxide market a commodity. First, competitors in the market take actions to increase their share. Second, market value often does not come from product differentiation but from cost reduction and scale advantages. Third, production processes are similar across competitors and relatively easy to implement.
- Economies of scale: This strategy is suitable for markets where value comes from reduced costs