Non-Conventional Machining Processes: EDM, ECM, LBM, EBM, USM, PAM

Part A — Section A Answers

i. Electrolyte is used in electric discharge machining.
👉 False

ii. Dielectric is used in EDM (Electric Discharge Machining) process.

iii. Full form of LASER:
👉 Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

iv. Full form of TPM:
👉 Total Productive Maintenance

v. For precise and narrow cutting which machining process is suitable?
👉 Laser Beam Machining (LBM)

vi. Non-conducting material can be machined in EDM.
👉 False

vii. Name any shielding gas used in arc

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Machining Processes: Conventional vs. Non-Conventional Techniques

Maintenance Fundamentals

Importance of Maintenance

Maintenance is the activity of keeping machines, equipment, and systems in proper working condition so that they perform efficiently and safely throughout their service life.

Key Benefits of Maintenance

  1. Increases Equipment Life – Regular maintenance reduces wear and tear.

  2. Improves Reliability – Machines work smoothly with fewer breakdowns.

  3. Ensures Safety – Prevents accidents due to machine failure.

  4. Reduces Breakdown Cost – Early detection avoids

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Physics Lab Experiments: Electricity and Magnetism

Activity: Magnetic Field Near Current-Carrying Conductor

To observe the deflection of a magnetic needle placed near a conductor carrying current.

Apparatus and Materials:

Magnetic needle, battery, ammeter, rheostat, key, conducting wire, etc.

Theory:

When electric current passes through a conductor, a magnetic field is produced around it.

Procedure:

  1. Remove magnetic substances from the table and place the magnetic needle on it. Connect the cell, rheostat, key, and ammeter in series with the experimental
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Industrial Filtration Equipment: Types and Operation

1. Plate and Frame Filter

Definition

A plate and frame filter is a pressure filtration equipment used to separate solids from liquids by passing the slurry through filter cloths placed between plates and frames.

Construction

It consists of alternate plates and frames made of cast iron or stainless steel. Each plate is covered with a filter cloth. The frames provide space for solid (cake) collection. The whole assembly is held tightly in a press with inlet and outlet connections.

Working

The slurry is

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Pharmaceutical Engineering and Industrial Process Principles

Distillation Principles and Processes

Distillation is a process by which a liquid mixture is separated into fractions with higher concentrations of certain components by exploiting differences in relative volatility. Distillation is a separation process used to separate components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points. The process involves heating the mixture to vaporize the most volatile component(s), followed by cooling the vapor to condense it back into liquid form,

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Photodiode Principles and LED Construction Explained

UNIT-5

1.Briefly discuss about Photo diode?

Photodiode:


A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical

Current. It operates based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect, where the

Absorption of photons generates electron-hole pairs, leading to a current flow

When the device is connected in an electrical circuit


Structure and Symbol:



*Structure: Photodiodes are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon

They typically have a p-n junction, with the p-side connected

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