Industrial Filtration Equipment: Types and Operation
1. Plate and Frame Filter
Definition
A plate and frame filter is a pressure filtration equipment used to separate solids from liquids by passing the slurry through filter cloths placed between plates and frames.
Construction
It consists of alternate plates and frames made of cast iron or stainless steel. Each plate is covered with a filter cloth. The frames provide space for solid (cake) collection. The whole assembly is held tightly in a press with inlet and outlet connections.
Working
The slurry is
Read MorePharmaceutical Engineering and Industrial Process Principles
Distillation Principles and Processes
Distillation is a process by which a liquid mixture is separated into fractions with higher concentrations of certain components by exploiting differences in relative volatility. Distillation is a separation process used to separate components of a liquid mixture based on differences in their boiling points. The process involves heating the mixture to vaporize the most volatile component(s), followed by cooling the vapor to condense it back into liquid form,
Read MorePhotodiode Principles and LED Construction Explained
UNIT-5
1.Briefly discuss about Photo diode?
Photodiode:
A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical
Current. It operates based on the principle of the photovoltaic effect, where the
Absorption of photons generates electron-hole pairs, leading to a current flow
When the device is connected in an electrical circuit
Structure and Symbol:
*Structure: Photodiodes are made of semiconductor materials such as silicon
They typically have a p-n junction, with the p-side connected
Read MoreWorkshop Tools and Operations: Vices, Lathe Facing, Grinding, Inspection
Types of Vices (6 Marks)
A vice is a work-holding device used to hold a workpiece firmly during various workshop operations such as filing, sawing, drilling, and fitting.
The different types of vices are:
- Bench Vice
Fixed to a workbench and commonly used in fitting shops for general work-holding operations. - Hand Vice
Small and portable vice used to hold thin or small workpieces. - Machine Vice
Used on drilling and milling machines to hold the workpiece accurately during machining. - Pipe Vice
Specially designed
Liquid Bore & Elastic Bellows Manometers, PAM and SPM Uses
Liquid Bore Manometer (LBM)
Definition
A Liquid Bore Manometer (LBM) is a type of manometer used to measure small pressure differences of gases or liquids. It consists of a uniform narrow glass tube (bore) partially filled with a manometric liquid (usually mercury or a colored liquid).
Construction
- A long, uniform bore glass tube bent into a U-shape or inclined form
- Filled with manometric liquid
- One end connected to the pressure source
- Other end open to the atmosphere (or connected to another pressure
Industrial Filtration Equipment: Operation and Design
1. Plate and Frame Filter Press
The plate and frame filter press is one of the most common batch filtration devices used in chemical and pharmaceutical processing.
Principle
It works on the principle of surface filtration under pressure.
Construction
- It consists of a series of alternating plates (with grooved surfaces for drainage) and frames (hollow chambers where the cake accumulates).
- These components are supported on rails and squeezed together by a hydraulic or manual screw mechanism.
Working Process
- Slurry