Chemical Contaminant Measurement in the Workplace
Chemical Contaminant Measurement Methods
Direct and Indirect Measurement
The measurement of chemical contaminants in a job can be performed using the following general methods:
- Direct Measurement: This involves using direct-reading instruments in the workplace to obtain immediate, in situ results.
- Indirect Measurement: This method involves collecting test samples and using pollutant sensors for analysis.
Static vs. Personal Measurements
There are two main types of measurements:
- Static Measurements: These
Understanding Milling Machine Operations & Best Practices
Milling Operations Explained
This document details common milling operations and best practices.
Types of Milling Operations
Planned: This is the most common operation, used to machine flat surfaces. It can be done by two procedures:
- Face Milling: Using a blade plate or a tapered two-cut plan.
- Tangential Milling: Using a plan to drill a cut.
There are two main types of milling based on the cutter’s rotation relative to the workpiece:
- Conventional Milling (Up Milling): The cutter rotates in the opposite
Acoustic Biosensors: Principles, Types, and Applications
Week 6: Acoustic Biosensors
The principle behind acoustic biosensors is based on a mechanical wave propagating through piezoelectric or other materials. Any material changes at the surface will modify the wave’s propagation path, altering the electrical response of the sensor.
A key advantage of acoustic sensing is its ability to offer real-time measurement of surface interactions, which is particularly useful in studying protein binding events and immunochemical reactions.
Types of Acoustic Sensing
Transducers and Analyzers: Synchros, Gauges, and More
Synchros
A synchro is an electromagnetic transducer commonly used to convert the angular position of a shaft into an electrical signal. Synchros are also known as Telsyn, Autosyn, and Selsyn. A classical synchro system consists of two units: (a) a synchro transmitter and (b) a synchro receiver. The basic synchro unit is called a “Synchro Transmitter.” Its construction is similar to that of a three-phase alternator. The stator is the stationary part, slotted and made of laminated steel to reduce eddy
Read MoreUnderstanding Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s Law and Applications
Electromagnetic Induction: An Explanation
Electromagnetic induction: electric currents produce magnetic fields for action. The inductor coil loaded (or magnet) causes the onset of the current, inducing the coil (circuit) which generates the induced current.
Faraday’s Law Explained
Faraday’s conclusion: It generates an induced current when the inductor, the source magnetic field, and the induced coil move relative to each other. When the movement is in one direction, the galvanometer needle moves in
Read MoreWind Turbine Technology: Components, Regulation, and Control
Wind Turbine Technology
Wind Rose
Gives information about the wind speed and frequency of wind blowing from various directions. The length of each spoke around the circle relates to the frequency of time that the wind blows from a particular direction. You can analyze a wind rose to determine the prevailing wind direction and frequency.
Betz Limit
The actual power that is obtainable from a wind turbine is given by:
Cp * Eg * Eb
Where:
- Cp is the coefficient of performance.
- Eg is the generator efficiency