Electromechanical Pressure Transducers: Types & Operation
Electromechanical Pressure Elements
They use an elastic mechanical element combined with a transducer that generates an electrical signal. The pressure (P) produces a force on a surface, which causes deformation. This mechanical deformation is converted into an electrical quantity. The most used electrical characteristics are electrical resistance, electrical capacity, and electrical reluctance.
A) Electronic Transmitter Equilibrium Pressure Force
For measuring, the mechanical element exerts a force
Read MoreGeiger-Muller Counter: Principles, Construction & Applications
Geiger-Muller Counter (G.M. Counter)
The Geiger-Muller counter, named after its inventors, evolved from the ionization chamber and is a very efficient and accurate device for counting individual particles. Because the detecting portion is generally in the form of a tube, it is also called a Geiger-Muller tube or G-M tube.
Construction of a Geiger-Muller Counter
- It consists of a hollow metal case enclosed in a thin glass tube. This hollow metal case acts as a cathode.
- A fine tungsten wire is stretched
Machine Assembly and Manufacturing Processes
Assembling (joining of the pieces) is done by welding, binding with adhesives, riveting, using threaded fasteners, or even further bending in the form of a crimped seam. Structural steel and sheet metal are the usual starting materials for fabrication, along with the welding wire, flux, and fasteners that join the cut pieces. As with other manufacturing processes, both human labor and automation are commonly used. Adequate installation of machinery is fundamental to maximizing reliability and minimizing
Read MoreSteel Heat Treatment and Corrosion Types
Steel Heat Treatment
Temple-heat treatment consists of heating some Fe alloys followed by continued rapid cooling in a suitable medium (water, oil, or air). It is used to obtain harder martensitic steels. The ability of steel to become martensitic is its hardenability.
Martensitic Tempering
In martensitic tempering, the steel is heated to the austenitizing temperature and continues until all the austenite transforms. The bath is cooled in a carbon-supersaturated salt at a constant temperature. During
Read MoreMIG MAG Welding: Parameters, Process, and Advantages
Welding Parameters
Current Polarity: Continuous current is used. Connect the electrode to the positive pole, which allows for a stable electric arc.
Wire Diameter: Smaller diameter wires are typically selected for smaller projects and repairs.
Voltage-Wire Speed: To obtain a stable arc, it is essential to regulate the voltage-wire speed. The regulation depends on the thickness to be welded and the diameter of the wire used.
Intensity: The intensity depends on the wire-feed speed and the thickness
Understanding Fluid Flow: Laminar, Turbulent, and Pressure
Understanding Fluid Flow
Non-viscous flow can be classified as:
- Laminar Flow: Flow without significant mixing of particles but with significant viscous shear. If a dye is injected, the flow does not mix with the fluid except for molecular activity. It retains its identity over a relatively long period of time.
- Turbulent Flow: The flow varies irregularly, so that its quantities show a random variation. A dye injected into the flow mixes immediately due to the random motion of particles.
Pressure in Fluids
Static
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