Power Electronics Devices: A Comparison

BJT vs. MOSFET

Question 20: Differences in characteristics of gate BJTs and MOSFETs?

High-power bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are common in power converters operating below 10 kHz, handling up to 1200V and 400A. A BJT has three terminals: base, emitter, and collector. In a common emitter configuration, it typically functions as a switch.

An NPN transistor turns on when the base voltage exceeds the emitter voltage, and sufficient base current drives the transistor into saturation. The transistor

Read More

Preamplifier and Power Amplifier Guide: Understanding Audio Components

Preamplifier

A preamplifier consists of several amplification stages that raise the weak input signal from a source to a sufficiently high level.

Input Selector

The input selector adapts the preamplifier’s input to the specific characteristics of the selected audio source (analog or digital).

Preamp Adapter and Level/Impedance

This stage adapts the input level, impedance, and sensitivity to deliver an output signal with suitable amplitude for the main preamplifier input.

RIAA Preamplifier

This component

Read More

Software Guide: Operating Systems, Applications, and Programming

Software: Operating Systems and Applications

Computers possess vast memory and process data with speed and accuracy, but require instructions to execute these processes. Software comprises the instructions and procedures that transform data for computer processing, turning it into usable information.

Types of Software

1. Operating Systems (OS)

The foundational software essential for computer function. The OS facilitates communication between users, programs, and the computer, effectively making the

Read More

Control Technology and Automation: A Comprehensive Guide

Control Technology and Automation

Introduction

Control technology encompasses all procedures and devices that enable automated machines and processes. Robotics, a key application of control technology, has revolutionized industries by replacing human manipulation capabilities. It integrates principles from various engineering disciplines, including mechanics, electrical, electronics, and computer science.

Control Systems

Control systems are composed of different elements called automatisms. The primary

Read More

Understanding Film Sensitometry: A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding Film Sensitometry

Introduction to Sensitometry

Sensitometry measures film characteristics, showing how film reacts to light, exposure, developer, and development. The process involves:

  1. Controlled exposure using a sensitometer.
  2. Normalized processing to create a sensitometric strip.
  3. Density measurement with a densitometer.

Density, Opacity, and Transparency

Density measures light transmission through film. Key concepts include:

  • Transparency (T): Ratio of transmitted light to incident light (
Read More

Understanding Power Transformers: Types, Applications, and Operation

Overview of Power Transformers

Electric power transformers are robust and expensive static electrical machines found throughout the electrical system. They raise and lower voltage, enabling efficient AC electricity transmission.

Power Transformer Classification

Power transformers are categorized based on various factors:

  • Location
  • Power rating
  • Dielectric used for insulation
  • Number of phases
  • Connections
  • Cooling type

Power Transformers by Location

Transformers experience different thermal conditions depending

Read More