Automatic Control Systems: Techniques, Drivers, and Digital Advancements
Control Systems
A control system is a rational and systematic set of equipment and human intervention, allowing the operation of a controlled system. It seeks to:
- Eliminate the influence of disturbances
- Ensure the stability of the process
- Optimize the process
Basic Automatic Control or Regulation Techniques
These techniques are based on feedback (feedback or closed loop):
- Proportional-Derivative (does not act alone)
- Integral (does not act alone)
- Mixed: PI, PD, PID
- All or nothing
- Floating
- Proportional in time,
Communication Technologies: Verbal and Non-Verbal
Communication Technologies
Communication is a process that involves the transmission of information from a point of origin to a point of arrival. Humans, as social beings, have a type of communication with complex and unexpected possibilities: communication through sign systems. Among these, the most potent is verbal language. Verbal language is the principal instrument of human communication in all its forms. It helps us to know ourselves and to discover the world around us. In the media, disseminating
Read MoreHard Drive & Storage Technology: Key Concepts
Hard drives are divided into tracks and sectors using Winchester technology. They are direct access devices. A, b, and c are correct.
Optical discs use laser technology. They are output devices. They use laser technology.
The CD-ROM is a storage medium. It is a storage medium.
The concept “each physical side of the disc,” corresponds to: Faces. Faces.
The concept “areas obtained by drawing imaginary diameters,” corresponds to: Sectors. Sectors.
The term “each axis of concentric rings found on each face,
Read MoreChallenges of Working Abroad vs. Staying Close to Home
Most people believe that going to work abroad is a unique opportunity not to be missed, like a lottery prize, because they can be paid very well, and it also brings important experience and considerable weight to their personal curriculum. From my point of view, however, this may not be entirely favorable to some people, especially if they have a family.
Impact on Family Life
First of all, going to work abroad can be a problem for those people who have families because they would have to move to a
Read MoreCompact Disc Technology: Digital Audio Recording
The Compact Disc: Digital Sound
Introduction
The development of the compact disc, with audio recording in digital form, has solved problems such as wear on disks and tapes, *wow* and *flutter*. It has improved the signal-to-noise ratio and offers the advantages of a digital system, such as precision in storage, transmission, and any other information processing that is characteristically digital.
An analog signal can take any value and varies progressively and continuously. To record digitally on a
Read MoreKey Concepts in Electrical Circuits and Semiconductor Properties
Factors Influencing Resistance in a Conductor
The resistance (R) of a conductor, measured in ohms (Ω), is influenced by the following factors:
- Resistivity (ρ): An inherent property of the material, indicating its opposition to current flow.
- Length (L): Resistance is directly proportional to the conductor’s length. Longer conductors offer more resistance.
- Cross-sectional Area (A): Resistance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area. A larger area allows for easier current flow, resulting