Introduction to Control Technology
Introduction to Control Technology
Control technology covers all procedures and systems that allow you to automate machines, equipment, and manufacturing processes.
Control system: A set of components that act coordinately to achieve a government action within a process through direct or indirect manipulation of the magnitudes that intervene.
An automatic control system is a set of technical elements that aims to make a machine or process carry out their duties with minimal human intervention. (Human
Read MoreProcess Control and Automation in Industrial Plants
Process Control and Automation
Control Variables
Perturbations: These are the variables that affect the system’s excitation and can be manipulated.
Feedback Control
Control Elements:
- Sensors/Transmitters: Measure the output and/or disturbance and send a correlated signal.
- Controller: Modifies the system dynamics to achieve the desired output.
- Actuator: Changes the system’s output (e.g., amplifier).
Controller Types
- Two-Position Controller: Moves the final control element between two fixed positions based
Oscillators and Modulation Techniques in Radio Communication
Item 19: Oscillator Components
Oscillator Types
Oscillators can be formed by different components:
- RC oscillators: Composed of resistors and capacitors.
- LC oscillators: Made up of inductors and capacitors.
- Crystal oscillators: Composed of quartz crystal.
Oscillator Types, Including 555
Multivibrator
A multivibrator oscillator circuit generates a square wave. Multivibrators can be divided into two classes:
- Continuous operation (astable or free oscillation): Waves generated from the power supply itself.
- Driven
Introduction to Chemistry
Introduction to Chemistry
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of changes in matter, as well as its structure and properties.
The Origins of Chemistry
Alchemy played a significant role in the development of chemistry. Alchemists, in their pursuit of turning lead into gold and achieving immortality through the philosopher’s stone, made a crucial contribution by meticulously documenting their observations.
Matter and Energy
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Energy is the capacity
Techniques for Digitizing Voice and Channel MIC
ITEM 7: Techniques for Digitizing Voice and Obtaining the Channel MIC
7.1 Sampling
Nyquist Sampling Theorem: To transmit a signal of frequency f through a transmission line, it is not necessary to send the full signal. It is enough to send signal samples taken at a sampling rate (fm) that is at least twice the maximum frequency of the signal (fmax). For example, if we have a signal with a maximum frequency of 4 KHz, we would have to take samples at a sampling rate of at least 8 kHz.
Justification of
Read MoreDam Design and Flood Management: Hydraulic and Hydrological Methods
Flood Wave Hydrograph
This graphic representation shows the flow evolution in a channel section during a flood. Flow redistribution, due to temporary water storage, decreases peak flow and increases hydrograph base time. Relocation, due to flow travel time, shifts the hydrograph in time. Both phenomena occur simultaneously.
Hydraulic Methods
These methods solve complex unsteady flow equations in open channels, requiring extensive data. They are used in studies needing precise water level information.
Read More