Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
What is a UPS?
A UPS provides emergency power to connected devices during a power outage. It also improves power quality, protecting against surges, spikes, and other electrical disturbances. UPS systems are crucial for “critical load” equipment, such as medical devices and industrial machinery, preventing data loss and equipment damage due to power failures.
Network Problems
- Blackout: Complete loss of power due to events like lightning strikes or excessive demand.
Computer Mouse: History, Types, and Connectivity
The Computer Mouse: A Historical Overview
Early Designs
The first computer mouse, patented as the “XY Position Indicator for a Display System,” was constructed from wood. Its cobblestone-like design featured two metal wheels for controlling cursor movement on two axes (vertical and horizontal) and a red button on top. Despite its archaic appearance, the fundamental operating principles remain the same today.
Mechanical Mice
Mechanical mice utilize a large plastic or rubber multi-layered base. Two
Pressure and Temperature Measurement Instruments
Pressure Gauges
A gauge is an instrument used for measuring fluid pressure, typically the difference between fluid pressure and local mechanical pressure. Pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted by a liquid or gas perpendicular to a surface.
U-Tube Manometer
 | Pressure gauges are instruments designed to measure pressure. A traditional method for accurate pressure measurement involves a U-shaped glass tube containing a liquid of known density. Mercury is commonly used for high-pressure |
Industrial Automation: Control, Switching, and Protection Devices
Automatism is a system that controls a single machine or production process, reducing human intervention. Commonly used devices include sectioning, switching, and protection devices.
Sectioning Devices: These isolate a part of the network electrically for maintenance. Examples include disconnectors, switches, and circuit breakers or contactors.
Switching Devices: These establish or interrupt the power supply to receptors automatically or remotely. Examples include electromagnetic contactors, relays,
Read MoreAnalog and Digital Television Transmission Systems
Analog Television Process
- Capture
- Registration
- Production
- Transportation (Tx)
- Reception (Rx)
Digital Television Process
- Recording
- Production
- Transportation (Tx)
- Reception (Rx)
Digital Transmission Mediums
- Satellite
- Cable
- Web
- Terrestrial Transmission
Advantages of Digital Transmission
- Efficient Bandwidth Administration
- Increased Noise Immunity (Tx)
- Component Video Transmission
- Increased Horizontal Resolution (Double Resolution)
- Progressive Scan Capability
- Increased Vertical Color Resolution
- HDTV Possibility
- Data and Other
Electric Motor Fundamentals
Electric Motors
Motor Classification by Current Type
Electric motors are categorized based on the type of current they use:
- DC motors
- AC motors
- Universal motors (compatible with both AC and DC)
DC Motor Classification by Excitation
DC motors are further classified by their excitation method:
- Independent excitation
- Series excitation
- Shunt excitation
- Compound excitation
- Permanent magnet excitation
AC Motor Classification
AC motors are classified based on several factors:
- Speed: Synchronous or asynchronous
- Rotor type: