Understanding Power Transformers: Types, Applications, and Operation
Overview of Power Transformers
Electric power transformers are robust and expensive static electrical machines found throughout the electrical system. They raise and lower voltage, enabling efficient AC electricity transmission.
Power Transformer Classification
Power transformers are categorized based on various factors:
- Location
- Power rating
- Dielectric used for insulation
- Number of phases
- Connections
- Cooling type
Power Transformers by Location
Transformers experience different thermal conditions depending
Read MoreControl Circuits in Electrical Systems: Contactors, Relays, and Timers
Control Circuits
Constitution of Control Circuits: This system, comprised of electrical appliances and elements, manages the connection and interruption of power from the network to receivers. Its main functions include:
- Enabling manual or automatic control from a distance using small-section drivers and command elements.
- Interrupting high currents during both the closing and opening of the receiver.
- Ensuring continuous intermittent operation.
- Controlling the timing of actions on the receptor.
A control
Read MoreElectrical Circuits: Components, Types, and Safety
Electrical Circuits: Components and Functionality
Core Elements
Generators and Batteries: These components generate or store electrical energy, creating a potential difference that drives current flow within a circuit. Generators convert other energy forms into electricity (e.g., dynamos and alternators). Batteries store electrical energy for later use (e.g., battery cells, capacitors).
Receivers: These components transform electrical energy into other forms like heat, light, or motion. Examples include
Read MoreElements of an Electrical Installation: A Comprehensive Overview
Elements of an Electrical Installation
Introduction
This chapter provides an overview of the elements commonly found in an electrical installation. The goal is to familiarize you with the terminology and concepts that will be used throughout.
1. Service Entrance
The service entrance is the point where the utility’s electrical network connects to the user’s electrical system. It can also refer to the overhead or underground lines that connect the mains supply to the metering system. In addition to input
Read MoreTransformer Components, Types, and Applications in Power Systems
1. Transformer Components
Transformers are based on electromagnetic induction. They consist of two coils (primary and secondary) wound on a soft iron or silicon iron core. Some transformers have a third winding with lower voltage than the secondary.
2. What is a Transformer?
An electrical transformer increases or decreases voltage in an alternating current (AC) circuit while maintaining frequency. Ideally, the input power equals the output power. Real transformers have minor losses.
3. What is an Autotransformer?
Read MoreInformation System Security: Physical & Logical Safety Measures
Information System Security
Passive and Active Safety
Passive safety: Corrective measures implemented to minimize the impact of security incidents and allow system recovery.
Active safety: Mechanisms and procedures for preventing and detecting security risks in information systems.
Physical and Logical Security
Physical security: Protection of physical elements, such as hardware and the locations where activities take place.
Logical security: Protection of software and operating systems, including data
Read More