Understanding Needs Assessment in Curriculum Development
The assessment of needs is a critical and complex issue, which comprises the most significant component of the curriculum development process. Teachers should play a pivotal role in this process if effective learning is ever going to take place.
These assessments of needs should be done with reference to the four P’s: Problem, People, Place, and Performance.
Roger Kaufman is known as the “Father of Needs Assessment”.
Five Basic Assumptions of This Model
- Curriculum and instruction (instructional design)
Understanding Communication: Elements, Codes, and Functions
Elements of Communication
- Referent: The factual or conceptual material on which the message is based.
- Issuer: The initial element of the process that produces a message. It is identified with the speaker or writer in verbal communication.
- Receiver: The final element of the process that interprets the message. This is the listener or reader in verbal communication.
- Channel: The physical medium of transmission, which determines the nature of the signals that are transmitted. Types include oral, visual,
Understanding RAM, Hard Disks, and I/O Modules
RAM Technology: DRAM vs. SRAM
RAM technology is divided into two primary types:
- Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
- Static RAM (SRAM)
DRAM
- Made with cells that store data as a charge on capacitors.
- The presence or absence of charge in a capacitor is interpreted as a binary 1 or 0.
- Requires periodic charge refreshing to maintain data storage.
- The term *dynamic* refers to the tendency of the stored charge to leak away, even with power continuously applied.
DRAM vs. SRAM: Key Differences
- Both are volatile, meaning power must
Electrical Components and Motors: Types, Functions, and Safety
Electrical Components: Types and Functions
Triggers
- Magnetic Trigger: Acts opposite to short-circuit currents with very fast cutting.
- Thermal Trigger: Acts in case of overload, cutting slowly.
Terminals
Buttonhole, fork, pin, sheet, and splice sleeves.
Types of Busbars
Vertical side, deep vertical, horizontal and vertical, horizontal.
Protection Ratings
- IP: Protection against solid objects or liquids.
- IK: Protection against mechanical shock.
Types of Files
Flat, half-round, triangular, square, round.
Voltage
Read More802.11 WLAN Topologies, Antennas, and Protocols
WLAN Topologies
802.11 LAN Topologies:
- Ad hoc: Direct device-to-device communication.
- Infrastructure: Uses an Access Point (AP).
Key Terms:
- BSS: Basic Service Set.
- IBSS: Independent Basic Service Set (no AP).
Network Setup:
- Devices communicate without an AP by defining a group name.
- In infrastructure mode, an AP acts as a bridge connecting wireless clients to a wired network.
- Wireless clients are also known as stations.
- An AP is an infrastructure device.
- The coverage area of a single AP is called a BSA.
- Multiple
Oral vs Written Communication: Key Differences & Analysis
Linguistic Skills: Oral vs. Written Communication
ITEM 5. (Listening). LINGUISTIC SKILLS: The use of language can only be done in 4 different ways that the user must master to communicate.
Differences between oral and written communication: oral and ear canal.
The differences between oral and written language have been much studied. On one hand, there is the question of the relationship of the two linguistic codes: whether oral came before written, if they depend on each other, or if these are two