Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Romanticism & Science
Mary Shelley: Life, Romanticism, and Frankenstein (1797-1851)
The Romantic Movement: Origins and Ideals
Romanticism is a cultural and political movement that took place in both Germany and England. The great majority of critics and historians agree that the Romantic Period began in 1798, when Wordsworth and Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads. This period would last until 1829, with Lord Byron’s death. Romanticism arose as a reaction against the rationality of the Enlightenment and neoclassical
Read MoreSpanish Post-War Literature: Key Authors and Masterpieces
Spanish Post-War Literature: Authors and Their Works
Luis Martín Santos
Luis Martín Santos (1924-1964) was a pivotal figure in Spanish literature.
A Time of Silence
His seminal work, A Time of Silence (1962), is a landmark novel. The plot centers on a young doctor and researcher named Peter, who is supplied with mice in the grim slums. Peter becomes involved in the death of a young woman and is arrested. When released from prison, his girlfriend is killed by Cartridge, the loving daughter of ‘the
Read MoreBritish Literary Eras: Romanticism and Victorian Masterpieces
Romanticism (c. 1780s-1830s)
Romantic poets often exhibited narcissistic tendencies, emphasizing the landscape as a reflection of themselves. They focused on the individual, imagination (often related to the evasion to a perfect world), and the presence of children, particularly in relation to innocence. Romanticism is deeply connected to the poetry of consciousness, national identity, the self, and nature.
There are distinct generations of Romantic poets:
- Early Romantic Poets: William Blake, William
Beat Generation & Confessional Poetry: Literary Rebellion
The Beat Generation: Challenging Conformity
The Beat Generation was characterized by its extreme social dissent. Emerging from deviant subcultures of the 1950s, such as hipsters, they were heavily influenced by jazz and bebop artists like Charlie Parker. Living outside mainstream US conformity, they often explored themes of social dissent, juvenile delinquency, and mental illness. They celebrated forms of madness and deviance, seeing them as avenues to personal genius and unique perspectives.
Their
Read MoreThe ’98 Generation: Key Spanish Authors and Works
Generation of ’98: Spanish Literary Renewal
Definition and Origin of the Generation of ’98
The Generation of ’98 was a Spanish literary movement that emerged following the Disaster of ’98 (the Spanish-American War). It advocated for the aesthetic renewal of literature and the socio-cultural regeneration of Spain. This group is considered a true literary generation, notably influenced by the manifestos of Azorín, Baroja, and Machado.
Key Characteristics of the Generation of ’98
- A blend of castizo (traditional
Spanish Literary Currents: Modernism, Generation of ’98, and 20th Century Masters
Spanish Literary Modernism
Modernism is a significant literary movement originating in Latin America, often associated with Rubén Darío as a pioneering figure.
Characteristics of Modernism
- Aestheticism: A pursuit of beauty in all its forms, often idealized and detached from reality. Poetry serves the ideal.
- Escapism: Modernist poets often sought refuge in exotic settings or historical periods.
- Melancholy: A pervasive sense of sadness, often reflected in descriptions of autumnal landscapes and solitary