Pragmatics: Relevance Theory, Communication, and Politeness
Pragmatics: Key Concepts
1. Steps to Comprehension According to Relevance Theory
- Language module apprehends a grammatical sequence (linguistic decoding)
- Identification of the logical form of the utterance (no context is required)
- Intentional pragmatic enrichment (context is required)
- Reference assignment, disambiguation, free enrichment, conceptual narrowing.
- Proposition expressed by the utterance (guided by a criterion of relevance: implicature and explicature)
2. Relevance Theory in Relation to Visual
Read MoreUnderstanding Communication: Elements, Functions, and Signs
The Communication Process: Key Elements
The process of communication involves several key elements:
- Transmitter: The sender of the message.
- Channel: The medium through which the message is sent.
- Message: The information being conveyed.
- Receiver: The recipient of the message.
- Code: The system of symbols used to create the message.
- Location: The context in which the communication takes place.
Functions of Language in Communication
Language serves various functions in communication, each with a specific communicative
Read MoreSemiotics, Semiology, and Linguistic Signs
Semiotics vs. Semiology
The main differences between semiotics and semiology are:
- Semiotics: A system of thought that explicitly seeks to mediate between the natural environment and its perception in consciousness.
- Semiology: Limited to the intralinguistic and mental sphere, isolated from the experiential world by an idealized world of concepts.
Ferdinand de Saussure’s Contributions
Ferdinand de Saussure is best known as the founder of modern linguistics and semiology. He proposed that language use has
Read MoreUnderstanding Meaning: Text, Reader, and Pragmatics
Negotiated Meaning: Text and Reader Interaction
The meaning of a text isn’t inherent within the text itself. Instead, it’s created through the interaction between the text and the reader. The text doesn’t possess a pre-existing meaning waiting to be discovered. Rather, it holds the potential for readers to create their own meaning. Meaning is generated by the text and is related to literary analysis.
Lexical Relations
- Gradable: hot-warm-cool
- Complementary: either/or (e.g., predator/prey)
- Converses: mutually
Introduction to Pragmatics: Study of Language in Context
1. Definitions and Background
Pragmatics: Concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). In essence, pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning. This involves interpreting what people mean in a particular context and how that context influences what is said. Therefore, pragmatics is also the study of contextual meaning. It explores how listeners infer meaning from what is said to understand the speaker’s intended message.
Read MoreDecoding Beckett’s ‘Waiting for Godot’: Absurdity and Meaning
Decoding ‘Waiting for Godot’: Absurdity and Meaning
Discuss the main characteristics of Waiting for Godot, with clear references to examples from the text.
Samuel Beckett’s most famous work, Waiting for Godot, was first written in French and translated into English in 1955. The play centers on waiting, in the eternal hope of a better tomorrow. This work is a prime example of the Theatre of the Absurd, expressing a sensibility and attitude toward the world shaped by the times in which Beckett lived.
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