Argumentative Texts: Statements, Phrases, and Spelling

Argumentative Texts

The purpose of argumentative texts is to convince or persuade others that a particular opinion or theory is correct. There are two different basic types:

  • Opinion or Thesis: A statement from a personal perspective of the issuer of the text on a particular subject.
  • Arguments: Various reasons or evidence that the author of the text presents to support their thesis.

Examples of argumentative texts include editorials, letters to the editor, articles, opinion columns, essays, and oral

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Early Modern English: Morphology, Syntax, Lexis

Early Modern English: Morphology, Syntax, and Lexis

Morphology

Declensions: Only Genitive -es and -s. The apostrophe in ‘s wasn’t used to mark possession until the 18th century; it was used to mark elided e (e.g., Thron’).

  • Umlaut plurals: men, feet, lice, teeth.
  • Uninflected plurals: sheep, deer, swine.
  • Lexical imports: phenomenon-phenomena, stimulus-stimuli, analysis-analyses.

Adjectives & Adverbs: Adjectives were indeclinable. Comparison used both periphrastic more/most and synthetic -er/-est. Double

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Sociolinguistics: Key Concepts and Definitions

Unit 1: Foundations of Sociolinguistics

Analytic Language: Words are one syllable long with no affixes; function is determined by word order. Example: Chinese.

Black English Vernacular: Non-standard English spoken in U.S. Black communities, influenced by Creole languages.

Borrowing: Spread of words or phrases across languages due to contact, dominance, or prestige.

Communicative Competence: Dell Hymes’ concept of appropriate language use in context.

Dialect: Language variation by region, affecting vocabulary,

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Text Analysis: Capability, Characteristics, and Appraisal

Capability Analysis and Synthesis

1. Capability Analysis and Synthesis (3 points PAU)

  • 1.1. Theme and Summary (1.5 points):
    • Identify the theme (0.5 points).
    • Provide a brief summary of the text’s contents (1 point).
  • 1.2. Organizational Structure (1.5 points):
    • Divide the text into paragraphs and identify the main ideas.
    • Define the text’s parts (introduction, development, conclusion).
    • Determine the organizational structure (expository, argumentative, narrative sequences).
    • Identify the argumentative strategy
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Oscar Wilde: Life, Plays, and Aestheticism

Oscar Wilde: A Literary Icon

Oscar Wilde was an Irish playwright, journalist, novelist, essayist, and poet. Born in Dublin in 1854 and passing away in 1900, he rose to prominence as one of the most popular playwrights of the 1890s.

Wilde’s Aesthetic and Political Views

Wilde’s aesthetics and politics were marked by a disdain for the ordinary and an unwavering obsession with beauty, form, and style. He championed aestheticism, advocating for “Art for art’s sake.” He also embraced dandyism, showcasing

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Diachronic Linguistics: Language Evolution

Diachronic Linguistics: How Languages Evolve

Diachronic Linguistics is concerned with:

  • How languages change
  • The processes that trigger the change
  • The reasons for the changes

Two main issues dominated the early course of historical linguistics:

  • Synchronic irregularity (hope-hoped vs. keep-kept)
  • Cross-language similarities (why related languages have similar, although not identical, forms)

The Comparative Method and Language Reconstruction

The Comparative Method was used to establish the relationship between

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