Mastering Essential English Grammar Structures
1. Conditionals (Condicionales)
| Type | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional | If + present simple, present simple | If you heat water, it boils. |
| First Conditional | If + present simple, will + base verb | If you study, you will pass the exam. |
| Second Conditional | If + past simple, would + base verb | If I had more money, I would travel the world. |
| Third Conditional | If + past perfect, would have + past participle | If you had studied, you would have passed. |
| Mixed Conditional | If + past perfect, would + base verb (or vice versa) | If I |
Essential English Modal Verbs: Functions and Examples
Understanding the Core Functions of English Modal Verbs
Modal verbs modify the main verb to express ability, possibility, permission, obligation, or advice. Below is a detailed breakdown of their primary uses and corresponding examples.
CAN: Ability, Permission, and Impossibility
- Ability: I can speak English. / He can find any street in London.
- Permission (Informal Request): Can I go to the toilet?
- Suggestion: You can take a taxi.
- Request: Can you take me to Victoria Station?
- Probability (0% / Certain
Personal Anecdotes: Anxiety, Adventure, and Unexpected Laughter
Overcoming Shyness: My Worst First Day of College
I have been a very shy person for as long as I remember, and my toughest moments are when I am surrounded by people I do not know. It is not until some time has passed and I get to know the other people a bit more that I can truly be myself. Moments like these occurred when I started an activity in a group I did not know, such as French classes in high school or joining a sports team. However, I will never forget my first day of college.
I was beginning
Read MoreMastering Essential English Vocabulary and Modal Verbs
Mastering Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Points
Vocabulary for Describing People and Activities
Relationships and Family
- Acquaintance
- Best/Close friend
- Boss
- Colleague
- Classmate
- (Ex-) girlfriend/boyfriend
- Flatmate
- Neighbour
- Parent
- Step-sister/brother
- Relative
- Cousins
- Nephew/Niece
- Uncle/Aunt
- Grandparents
- Granddaughter/Grandson
Appearance and Physical Description
- Auburn (castaño)
- Casual
- Clean-shaven
- Good-looking (atractivo)
- Medium-built
- Medium height
- Scruffy (desarreglado)
- Shoulder-length (hair) (media melena)
- Skinny
Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Structures
Core English Vocabulary Lists
Personality Adjectives
- BIG-HEARTED
- CARING
- COURAGEOUS
- CRUEL
- DEPENDABLE
- MODEST
- OPTIMISTIC
- OUTGOING
- RESPONSIBLE
- SELFLESS
- SUPPORTIVE
- SYMPATHETIC
Common Verb Collocations: GET and MAKE
- GET BETTER
- GET INVOLVED
- GET PERMISSION
- GET THE FEELING
- GET THINGS DONE
- GET USED TO
- MAKE A PROMISE
- MAKE AN EFFORT
- MAKE AN IMPRESSION
- MAKE THE MOST OF
Verbs Related to Advertising
- ADVERTISE
- APPEAL
- APPEAR
- BROADCAST
- CLAIM
- EXAGGERATE
- INFLUENCE
- INFORM
- MANIPULATE
- PROMOTE
- RECOMMEND
Shopping and Consumer Terms
- BARGAINING
- BID
- BROWSE
- BROWSER
- CHARGE
- CONSUME
- CONSUMER
- PURCHASE
- REFUND
- SELECT
- SELECTION
- SUPPLIER
- SUPPLY
Pronouns:
Read MoreLiterary Analysis: Important Questions from Indigo, The Rattrap, and Lost Spring
The Champaran Episode (Indigo)
Q.1 Why did Gandhiji feel that taking the Champaran case to court was useless?
Ans: When Gandhiji learned about the plight of the peasant groups in Champaran from his discussion with the lawyers, he concluded that the poor peasants were so crushed and fear-stricken that law courts were useless in their case. Going to courts overburdened the sharecroppers with heavy litigation expenses. What really needed to be done was to make them free from fear.