Endocrine Hormones and Skin Anatomy Facts
Essential Facts about Hormones and the Integumentary System
The Endocrine System: Hormones and Their Functions
The endocrine system relies on hormones produced by various glands to regulate critical bodily functions. Below is a summary of key hormones, their source glands, and primary actions.
Major Hormones and Glands
- Estrogen: Controls the development of female secondary sex characteristics (Ovary).
- Testosterone: Controls the development of male secondary sex characteristics (Testes).
- Calcitonin: Decreases
Forensic Analysis of Sharp Force Trauma Wounds
Wounds Caused by Cutting Instruments
Wounds caused by cutting instruments are defined by the existence of a thin blade and a triangular section edge (_filo_). True cutting instruments include: knives, razors, scalpels, etc.
Mechanism of Action
The edge penetrates the tissue like a wedge, dividing it and producing solutions of continuity.
Characteristics of Incised Injuries
Incised injuries typically fall into three types: linear wounds, flap wounds, or wounds resulting from oblique penetration.
Linear
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Integumentary System (IS)
- Epidermis: Protects deeper tissues and prevents pathogen entry. Involved in Vitamin D (VD) production and preventing dehydration.
- Dermis: Contains hair follicles, essential for detecting touch.
- Sebaceous Glands (SG): Provide lubrication and moisture.
- Sweat Glands: Crucial for thermoregulation.
- Hypodermis: Functions primarily as fat storage.
Musculoskeletal and Skeletal Systems
Skeletal Muscles (MS) Functions
Skeletal muscles generate heat, provide support, and offer protection.
Read MoreMusculoskeletal Health: Conditions, Symptoms, and Treatments
Synarthrosis Definition and Examples
Synarthrosis: Joints united by tissue, allowing no movement. Example: Skull bones, also known as sutures.
Diarthrosis: Definition and Components
Diarthrosis (Synovial Joints): Characterized by articular cartilage, synovial membrane, joint capsule, and ligaments.
Types of Diarthrosis (Synovial Joints)
- Plane: Carpal bones
- Trochoid (Pivot): Distal radioulnar joint
- Trochlear (Hinge): Humeroulnar joint
- Condyloid: Femorotibial joint
- Spheroid (Ball-and-Socket): Hip joint, glenohumeral
Human Body Systems: Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Anatomy
The Skeletal System: Structure and Function
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Support and shape to the body
- Protection of internal organs
- Movement in union with muscles
- Storage of minerals (calcium, phosphorus) and lipids
- Blood cell production
The skeletal system accounts for approximately 20% of the body’s weight and includes bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Bones of the Human Skeleton
There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton, divided into two main parts:
Axial Skeleton (80 bones)
Includes
Connective Tissue Types: Structure, Function, and Location
(a) Connective tissue proper: Loose connective tissue, areolar
Description: Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells.
Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays an important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid.
Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of the body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries.
(b) Connective
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