Anatomy and Histology: Systems, Tissues, and Cell Junctions
Integumentary System (IS)
- Epidermis: Protects deeper tissues and prevents pathogen entry. Involved in Vitamin D (VD) production and preventing dehydration.
- Dermis: Contains hair follicles, essential for detecting touch.
- Sebaceous Glands (SG): Provide lubrication and moisture.
- Sweat Glands: Crucial for thermoregulation.
- Hypodermis: Functions primarily as fat storage.
Musculoskeletal and Skeletal Systems
Skeletal Muscles (MS) Functions
Skeletal muscles generate heat, provide support, and offer protection.
Read MoreMusculoskeletal Health: Conditions, Symptoms, and Treatments
Synarthrosis Definition and Examples
Synarthrosis: Joints united by tissue, allowing no movement. Example: Skull bones, also known as sutures.
Diarthrosis: Definition and Components
Diarthrosis (Synovial Joints): Characterized by articular cartilage, synovial membrane, joint capsule, and ligaments.
Types of Diarthrosis (Synovial Joints)
- Plane: Carpal bones
- Trochoid (Pivot): Distal radioulnar joint
- Trochlear (Hinge): Humeroulnar joint
- Condyloid: Femorotibial joint
- Spheroid (Ball-and-Socket): Hip joint, glenohumeral
Human Body Systems: Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Anatomy
The Skeletal System: Structure and Function
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Support and shape to the body
- Protection of internal organs
- Movement in union with muscles
- Storage of minerals (calcium, phosphorus) and lipids
- Blood cell production
The skeletal system accounts for approximately 20% of the body’s weight and includes bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Bones of the Human Skeleton
There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton, divided into two main parts:
Axial Skeleton (80 bones)
Includes
Connective Tissue Types: Structure, Function, and Location
(a) Connective tissue proper: Loose connective tissue, areolar
Description: Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells.
Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays an important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid.
Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of the body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries.
(b) Connective
Read MoreConnective Tissues: Cells, Fibers, and Types
Connective Tissue
- Tissue
- Formed from the mesoderm during embryonic development.
- A set of tissues with the same function, tissue together, sustaining the body and protecting organs.
- Tissue called connective tissue.
- It consists of cells contained in an amorphous substance, the extracellular matrix, formed by H2O, salts, proteins, polysaccharides, and fibers that form a network.
Cells
- Fibroblasts: Are responsible for the formation of extracellular structures. They secrete the extracellular matrix, protein,
Understanding Skin: Anatomy, Function, and Common Conditions
Understanding Your Skin: Anatomy, Function, and Conditions
Your skin is the largest organ in your body, performing several vital functions:
- Protection from injury and infection
- Temperature regulation
- Sensory reception
- Regulation of water loss
- Vitamin D synthesis
Epidermal Cells
The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, contains several types of cells:
- Keratinocytes (90%): Protect and waterproof the skin.
- Melanocytes (8%): Produce melanin, protecting the skin by absorbing UV light.
- Langerhans Cells: Participate