Understanding Option Greeks: Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho

What Can Greek Options Do for You?

Armed with Greeks, an options trader can make more informed decisions about which options to trade and when to trade them. Consider some of the things Greeks may help you do:

  • Gauge the likelihood that an option you’re considering will expire in the money (Delta).
  • Estimate how much the Delta will change when the stock price changes (Gamma).
  • Get a feel for how much value your option might lose each day as it approaches expiration (Theta).
  • Understand how sensitive an option
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Dividend Policy Calculations and Share Repurchase Strategies

Share Repurchase Impact: How many outstanding shares will there be if DividendsActivity SA dedicates the same amount as dividends, with a 5% dividend yield, to repurchase shares in the Stock Exchange Market?

Formula: ((Common Stock / CS Price per Share)) – ((Payout % * Net Income) / Today’s Price per Share))

Payout for 3% Dividend Yield: Calculate the payout required to provide a dividend yield of 3%.

Formula: ((Div.Yield % * Today’s Price per Share * (Common Stock / CS Price per Share)) / Net Income)

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Trading, Investment Companies, and Derivatives: A Comprehensive Analysis

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Lecture 16: Trading Mechanics and Costs

Trading Commissions: Discount brokerages profit from Payment for Order Flow (PFOF) and asset management products (explicit). PFOF: Customer to broker, broker sends to wholesaler who gets a fee, wholesaler provides best execution back to broker to customer.

Spread: Difference between bid (buy) and ask (sell) price (implicit).

  • Investors sell at the bid and buy at the ask.
  • Transaction cost for investors, source of profit for market makers (e.g., dealers).

Some trades

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Financial Assets, Markets, and Portfolio Management

Financial Assets and Derivatives

Asset: An asset is any object, tangible or intangible, that holds value for its owner.

Derivative: A derivative is a financial security whose value is derived from an underlying asset or group of assets.

Valuation Concepts

Capitalize: Estimate Future Values. Discount: Estimate Present Values.

Effective Annual Rate

The effective annual rate is the rate expressed on an annual basis, taking into account compounding interest.

Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return

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Understanding Risk and Return in Single Stock Investments

Learning Objectives

After completing this lecture, you will understand the following topics:

  • Introduction to Risk
  • Risk and Return for Single Stock Investments

Before discussing this important topic, let’s review the areas of finance we have studied so far.

Part I: Introduction and Capital Budgeting

  • Financial Markets, Concepts, Definitions
  • Review of Accounting
  • Interest Rate Theory and Calculations
  • Investment Decisions: Net Present Value (NPV) (Valuation), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback
  • Capital Budgeting:
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Key Financial Ratios and Their Significance

Net Capital Ratios (Expressed in Days)

  • Days Receivable = (Accounts Receivable / Sales) x 365
  • Days Inventory = (Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold) x 365
    • Indicates how many days a product takes to be totally sold.
  • Days Payable = (Accounts Payable / Purchases) x 365
    • Indicates the average time (in days) that a company takes to pay its bills and invoices to its trade creditors.
    • A high (low) DP indicates that a company is paying its suppliers slower (faster).
  • Operating Cycle = Days Inventory + Days Receivable
    • Average
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