Liberal Intergovernmentalism in the European Union
Liberal Intergovernmentalism
The EU from a Liberal Intergovernmentalism Perspective
Insists that states are still in full control of the integration process
Two levels of analysis:
Domestic preference formation
EU intergovernmental bargaining
Blends classical intergovernmentalism with a pinch of neo-functionalism
Now a widely (but not universally) accepted account of what’s going on
There is no body superior to the state:
“Integration” and “supranationalism” way too suggestive
His definition of
Neo-Functionalism and European Integration
Neo-Functionalism
Haas:
Shift of loyalties, expectations, and political activities towards a new center that demands jurisdiction. End result: a new political community, meaning that decisions are legally binding and loyalties have been transferred to the “supranational” level of government.
Lindberg:
Nations seek to make joint decisions or to delegate the decision-making process to new central organs. Political actors are persuaded to shift their expectations and political activities to a new center.
Read MoreSecond Language Acquisition: A Comprehensive Guide
How Do Parents Speak to Children?
- They use exaggerated intonation with higher pitch than is customary.
- They simplify what they say, using shorter sentences and fewer subordinate clauses.
- They choose special vocabulary that children can understand, rather than more sophisticated lexical items that they would not.
- They tend to include the children in the conversation.
- Even before children can themselves speak, parents act as if they were taking part in the conversation, as when a mother says…
Up to What
Read MoreThe Importance of Hats and Other Essays
The Crusades
Discrimination Against Pilgrims
The Turks discriminated against pilgrims.
The Importance of Hats
Power
A hat gives a man a new personality.
Education
Accept both young and adult students.
Relaxation
Many adults try to improve their lives by studying.
Communication in Nature
Trees develop a certain system of communication.
Tecumseh’s Resistance
Tecumseh succeeded in stopping white invasion of his bands.
a) He defended his people’s rights.
Titian’s Erotic Art
Titian is one of the precursors of erotic
Read MoreFrench Grammar and Vocabulary: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners
Possessive Adjectives
Mon (masculine nouns), ma (feminine nouns), mes (plural nouns) = my
Ton (masculine nouns), ta (feminine nouns), tes (plural nouns) = your
Son (masculine nouns), sa (feminine nouns), ses (plural nouns) = his/her
Notre (masculine and feminine nouns), nos (plural nouns) = our
Votre (masculine and feminine nouns), vos (plural nouns) = your
Leur (masculine and feminine nouns), leurs (plural nouns) = their
Remember: The use of possessive adjectives is influenced by the gender of the noun
Reading Comprehension: A Collection of Diverse Texts
Readings
The Right to Vote
- B) Thanks to two women who took legal action for it.
- B) Women in rural areas had more advantages than urban women.
- A) The majority of male voters rejected it.
- C) Had been fighting for their rights since the nineteenth century.
- A) Women started taking political posts in local government in the 1960s.
- D) Refused to sign the parts on sexual equality.
- B) Gave equal rights to both men and women.
- D) In the 1971 referendum, with more than 50% of male voters.