Oral and Written Language in Communication

The Text

A text is a unit of communication that conveys a complete message. It consists of elements connected by grammatical and syntactic relationships, forming a coherent whole. In spoken language, a text is a stretch of speech between two pauses, characterized by intonation. In written language, it appears between punctuation marks like periods.

A text is a set of coherent statements, representing the maximum unit of communication. It expresses the entirety of the content the sender wants to transmit.

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Medieval Tales: A Collection

THE KNIGHTS TALE

Teseo was a duke , he had a lof of fields and he got married with hipolita they and the brothers the hipolita , Emilia went to atenas , they met several women , they were crying and they told the teseo because the were criying. Teseo decided to go to teba where he killed geran . Teseo locked the arreteis and palmon in the tower . One day a noble defend arriteis and he could go away but could not come back to his country because one day arristeis went disguised as a farmer , he worked

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Twelfth Night: A Summary of Shakespeare’s Comedy

Plot of Twelfth Night

In the kingdom of Illyria, Orsino (a nobleman) falls in love with Lady Olivia. He cannot have her because she is in mourning for her dead brother and refuses marriage.

Meanwhile, a storm causes a terrible shipwreck. A young woman of aristocratic birth, called Viola, finds herself alone on the Illyrian coast. She assumes that her brother Sebastian died in the wreck. Considering her options, a friendly sea captain tells her about Orsino’s courtship of Olivia, and Viola decides

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Twelfth Night: A Tale of Love and Disguise in Illyria

Twelfth Night

Overview of the Story

In the kingdom of Illyria, a nobleman named Orsino lies around listening to music, pining away for the love of Lady Olivia. He cannot have her because she is in mourning for her dead brother and refuses to entertain any proposals of marriage. Meanwhile, off the coast, a storm has caused a terrible shipwreck. A young, aristocratic-born woman named Viola is swept onto the Illyrian shore. Finding herself alone in a strange land, she assumes that her twin brother, Sebastian,

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Liberal Intergovernmentalism in the European Union

Liberal Intergovernmentalism

The EU from a Liberal Intergovernmentalism Perspective

Insists that states are still in full control of the integration process

Two levels of analysis:

  1. Domestic preference formation

  2. EU intergovernmental bargaining

Blends classical intergovernmentalism with a pinch of neo-functionalism

Now a widely (but not universally) accepted account of what’s going on

There is no body superior to the state:

  • “Integration” and “supranationalism” way too suggestive

  • His definition of

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Neo-Functionalism and European Integration

Neo-Functionalism

Haas:

Shift of loyalties, expectations, and political activities towards a new center that demands jurisdiction. End result: a new political community, meaning that decisions are legally binding and loyalties have been transferred to the “supranational” level of government.

Lindberg:

Nations seek to make joint decisions or to delegate the decision-making process to new central organs. Political actors are persuaded to shift their expectations and political activities to a new center.

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