Protecting India’s Biodiversity: Threats, Conservation, and Key Environmental Laws
Biodiversity and Conservation in India
Defining Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms on Earth, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, along with the ecosystems they form. It encompasses three main types:
- Genetic diversity: Variation within species.
- Species diversity: Variety between species.
- Ecosystem diversity: Variety of habitats and ecological processes.[1]
India’s Rich Biodiversity and Endemic Species
India is rich in biodiversity and is home to several endemic
Read MorePre-Roman Peoples and Protohistory of the Iberian Peninsula
After the long Paleolithic period, which completed the process of humanization leading to the species Homo sapiens sapiens, the Neolithic period began in the Iberian Peninsula, lasting approximately from 5000 to 3000 BC. New communities settled as farmers, creating permanent settlements.
The Metal Age began with the Copper Age (around 3000 BC), continuing with the Bronze Age (starting around 2000 BC). By 1200 BC, the first of a series of invasions by Indo-Europeans, specifically the Celts, took place.
Read MoreEssential Facts and Geography of the African Continent
African Continent: Essential Geography and Demographics
Geographical Extremes and Coordinates
- Northernmost Point: White Cape, Tunisia
- Southernmost Point: Cape Agulhas, South Africa
- Westernmost Point: Green Cape (Cap Vert), Senegal
- Easternmost Point: Cape Hafun, Somalia
Major Geographical Features
Climatic Zones and Tropics
Two major tropics pass through Africa:
- North: Tropic of Cancer
- South: Tropic of Capricorn
Deserts and Rivers
- Northern Deserts: Sahara, Libyan, Nubian
- Southern Deserts: Kalahari, Namib
- Longest
Essential Facts on Indian History, Religion, and Governance
Common Factors in Western Religions
Western religions share several fundamental beliefs:
- Belief in one God (Monotheism).
- Belief in prophets.
- Importance of holy scriptures.
- Belief in heaven and hell.
Works and Philosophy of Shankaracharya
Shankaracharya (Adi Shankara) was a pivotal figure in Hindu philosophy:
- He wrote influential commentaries on the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Brahmasutras.
- He established four major mutts (monasteries) across India.
- He propagated the Advaita (Non-dualism) philosophy.
Global Food Production and Spain’s Primary Sector Challenges
State of the Fishery Sector Globally
Fishing refers to the capture of aquatic animals, algae, and plants in seas, rivers, and lakes.
Global Fish Consumption Trends
In an earlier period, an average of 9 kg of fish per person per year was consumed, while in 2020, this figure reached 20 kg.
- China is the country with the greatest fishery production and the main fish exporter.
Aquaculture: Breeding Aquatic Life
Aquaculture is the breeding of aquatic animals and plants in captivity. In 2020, 46% of global fish
Read MoreSpanish Urban System: Hierarchy and Major Development Axes
There is genuine competition for it. In the case of Spain, in 1992, this competition was highlighted by the hosting of the **Olympics** and the **World Exposition** (Seville).
Hierarchy and Urban Networks in Spain
The Spanish urban system has a hierarchical urban network typical of a developed country. A city’s importance is determined by the size of the area it influences (its **hinterland**). The size of the hinterland depends on the range and quantity of services the central city can offer. The
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