Reconquista: Christian Resistance, Stages, and Cultural Impact
The Reconquista: Christian Resistance and Cultural Impact
The Main Pockets of Resistance: The resistance began with the Christian Battle of Covadonga in 722. Major pockets of resistance were found in the Cantabrian area, which had a difficult climate for the Muslims. This kingdom gave rise to the Asturian-Leonese kingdom in the early 9th century. Castile became a county and, in the 11th century, a kingdom. In 1230, the king of Castile and León was always the same, which led to the Kingdom of Castile
Read MoreUrbanization Stages: Pre-Industrial to Post-Industrial
Urbanization Process: A Historical Overview
Pre-Industrial Urbanization
Pre-industrial urbanization encompasses the origins of cities up to the beginning of the industrial era (19th century). During this period, urbanization rates did not exceed 10% of the population, and the average city size ranged from 5 to 10 million inhabitants. Key factors favoring urban development included:
- Strategic-military considerations
- Political-administrative functions
- Economic activities
- Religious significance
This process
Read MoreFive Themes of Geography (MRHELP) & Canadian Regions
Movement
How are people and places linked by communication and the flow of people, products, information, and ideas?
- People: Immigration, migration, refugees
- Products: Cars, trucks, planes, trains
- Information/Ideas: Phones, computers, social media, TV, radio, newspapers
Regions
What are regions and how are they useful?
Formal Regions
Based on official boundaries, such as cities and provinces (e.g., St. Lawrence Lowlands, Greater Vancouver Regional District).
Functional Regions
Based on connections created
Read MoreAgriculture and Aquaculture Terminology
Aquaculture
A technique for cultivating aquatic organisms.
Agricultural Market
A market whose production is oriented towards sales.
Organic Farming
Farming that uses natural resources rationally and balanced to produce food.
Extensive Agriculture
Agriculture practiced in regions with low population density.
Intensive Agriculture
Agriculture that produces large quantities of products continuously in small spaces.
Mediterranean Agriculture
Agriculture practiced in both rainfed and irrigated conditions, with
Read MoreEarly Modern Europe: Society, Politics, Economy (17th-18th C.)
17th Century Europe: Society and Economy
Population Challenges: Epidemics and Starvation
Europe’s population growth in the 17th century was poor, largely due to recurring epidemics and periods of starvation.
Social Hierarchy: Privileged vs. Non-Privileged
Society was strictly stratified, divided into privileged (nobility and clergy) and non-privileged classes. The bourgeoisie emerged as a rich and important sector within the non-privileged group.
Trade Expansion: New Routes and Atlantic Shift
New trade
Read MoreDeforestation, Sustainable Agriculture, and Biodiversity
Deforestation and Its Impact on Land Resources
Deforestation refers to the cutting, clearing, and removal of rainforests or related ecosystems, transforming them into less bio-diverse ecosystems such as pasture, cropland, or plantations. The impact on land resources occurs when humans introduce harmful substances into the soil, water, or air through activities like surface mining, mineral resource extraction, underground mining, and agriculture.
Five Consequences of Deforestation:
- Loss of Biodiversity: