Territory and Political Organization: Spain and Catalonia

Territory, Political Organization, and Reforms in Spain and Catalonia

Democratic Principles and Participation

Democracy, as a political and social organization, involves the right of participation. It implies that public authorities inform citizens of their activities, decisions, etc. There will be institutional mechanisms to listen to citizens. Cooperation and collaboration are indispensable. Political parties and coalitions of parties are organizations whose function is to channel different ideological

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Social and Economic Transformations in 18th-Century Europe

Population: Growth Factors

The population of Europe in the late 18th century was about 188 million inhabitants. In general, this century had been an era of peace and of industrial and commercial progress, justifying a significant population increase.

The nations that benefited most from this were those with the demographic momentum of Western Europe. All their numbers increased, along with an increase in population density. These nations benefited from the development of industrial agriculture. The

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Key Demographic & Agricultural Terms Explained

Demographic Terms

  • Baby Boom: High birth rate after WWII, also applied to Spain (late 50s-1975).
  • Zero Growth: Births equal deaths, resulting in demographic balance.
  • Natural Increase: Difference between births and deaths.
  • Real Growth: Population change between two dates, including natural increase and net migration.
  • Population Density: Number of inhabitants per unit area.
  • Emigration: Population displacement from a place of origin.
  • Ageing Population: Elderly population exceeds 12% due to falling birth rates
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Understanding Nations, States, and Forms of Government

Throughout history, people have settled in diverse locations across the Earth, each with unique conditions. Adapting to these varying environments and overcoming challenges has shaped the cultures of different groups. Culture encompasses language, music, dance, literature, cuisine, and religion, often tied to a specific territory. A shared culture is a significant national asset. A nation is a group of people sharing a common culture, often due to a shared territory, religion, and other factors.

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Colonial India: Organization, Economy, and Impact

Organization and Operation of Colonial India

Conquered lands were incorporated into the relationship of Castile, who financed the company’s discovery and colonization, controlled by establishing a monopoly on immigration and trade. The Indies copied the Spanish institutional organization: first started in the municipality and the viceroys (higher territorial organization), while the hearings were responsible for judicial functions of government.

Two viceroys were founded: the northern New Spain, which

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Medieval and Modern World Transformations: Kingdoms, Society, and Economy

The Germanic Kingdoms and the Fall of the Roman Empire

Theodosius the Great divided the late fourth-century Roman Empire into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires. As the Western Roman Empire weakened, various peoples, often called ‘barbarians,’ migrated into Roman territory, leading to the formation of small kingdoms. Major kingdoms included the Ostrogoths, Franks, Visigoths, Angles, and Saxons.

Features of the Germanic Kingdoms

Germanic peoples migrated from central and eastern Europe, a movement

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