British Industrial Revolution: Agriculture, Industry, and Society

The Agricultural Revolution’s Influence on the Industrial Revolution

Changes in agriculture transformed farming into a source of national wealth, moving beyond mere subsistence for individual families. The Enclosure Acts, which divided land into large, private estates, including previously public land, significantly benefited large landowners, increasing their profits. As farming became more profitable, landowners invested in their land, introducing new methods and technologies to enhance productivity.

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Understanding Globalization: Impact, Changes, and Consequences

Globalization: An Overview

Globalization is an economic, technological, social, and cultural process that increases communication and interdependence among countries, uniting their markets, societies, and cultures through social, economic, and political interactions on a global scale. Globalization is a dynamic process driven by societies operating under democratic capitalism or liberal democracy, embracing the information revolution and liberalization of political culture, legal systems, and national

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Rural and Urban Habitats: Settlement Patterns and City Design

Where Do People Live?

People live in specific environments called habitats. There are two main types of habitats: rural and urban.

The Rural Habitat

People who live in a rural habitat live in the country. There are two types of rural communities:

  • Scattered community: Dwellings are far apart, separated by the fields where families cultivate the land.
  • Concentrated community: Dwellings and other buildings are grouped together to form villages or small towns. Agricultural activity is located around the village
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Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy: Key Health Indicators

Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy

Definition:

  • Mortality rate: A measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a population, per unit of time.
  • Mortality rate is typically expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year.

Background:

The death certificate with the causes of death is the basis for the report of death cases. It is reported in accordance with the nomenclature developed by the International Classification of Diseases, international form (WHO).

Mortality

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The Catholic Monarchs: Unification and Expansion of Spain

The Catholic Monarchs: A Dynastic Union

After a civil war with Juana la Beltraneja, Isabella of Castile ascended to the throne. To gain more political support, Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragon, who was then proclaimed King of Castile. This union was dynastic; the realms remained separate but under the joint rule of both monarchs.

Upon Isabella’s death, the crown of Castile passed to their daughter Joanna, known as Juana la Loca (Joanna the Mad). However, after disabling her and sending her to

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Understanding the European Union, Spain, and Canary Islands

Countries of the European Union

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden.

Key EU Institutions

The Council

The main political body, attended by ministers from all member countries. Its functions include:

  • Passing European laws
  • Coordinating economic policies
  • Approving the budget (along with Parliament)
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