The Old Regime: A Comprehensive Analysis

The Old Regime: Society, Politics, and Economy

The Old Regime was a set of social relations that characterized the economic and political societies of central Europe.

Function of the Old Regime

Society operated as an economic system that relied on agriculture and an absolute monarchy.

Social Structure

Class Society

  • Nobility: Divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility received significant income from seignorial rights, while the low nobility did not.
  • Clergy: Also divided into high and low clergy.
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Understanding Economic and Urban Sectors: Key Concepts

Economic and Urban Sectors: Key Concepts

Tertiary Sector – Offers services and activities.

Tertiary Sector Economic – Encompasses all companies developing their activities (transportation, trade, advertising, etc.).

Tertiary Sector Social Welfare – Includes services that society needs (health, justice, leisure, etc.).

Directional Tertiary Sector / Higher / Quaternary – Activities related to the management, planning, and control of public institutions, enterprises, and society (public officials, senior

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Spanish Dialects: A Comprehensive Linguistic Analysis

Spanish Dialects: A Linguistic Analysis

Like all languages, Spanish is not uniform, and dialects are defined by a series of features. The lines that determine these traits are called isoglosses but are often not clearly defined. However, these differences do not impede communication between speakers because the language has cultivated norms. Thus, we can differentiate between the Castilian of the Peninsula and America, although they share many traits.

On the peninsula, we can distinguish two zones:

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Spanish Conquest of America: Territories, Governance, Economy

Spanish Exploration and Conquest of America

The exploration of new territories occurred mostly during the reign of Charles I. In 1513, Vasco Nuñez de Balboa crossed the Panama Isthmus and discovered the South Sea (Pacific Ocean). Between 1519 and 1522, Magellan and Elcano first circumnavigated the world, demonstrating that the globe was round. The conquest of the immense American territories was a rapid process (1520-1545).

  • Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire (now Mexico), where he arrived with
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Agriculture, Industry, and Trade in Spain

Agricultural Landscapes of Spain

Wet Spain

Located in Cantabria, Galicia, and the Cantabrian mountainous areas, the dominant slope is near the coast. The main activity is cattle ranching; farming is secondary due to few flat areas. The habitat is scattered, and the plots are bocage.

Mediterranean Spain

It is characterized by mountainous terrain and very fertile lowlands. In the pre-littoral areas, the terrain is more rugged and steep. Agriculture dominates; livestock is minor and there is no logging.

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Ancient Iberian Peninsula Settlements

Settlements in the Iberian Peninsula

In the first millennium BC, peoples more advanced both materially and spiritually reached the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Hence, we call them colonizing peoples. They came with economic and commercial interests, since the eastern Mediterranean peoples were much more advanced and had developed substantial trade in the Mediterranean, especially in metals like copper, tin, gold, and silver. They were also interested in salted products, jewelry, and salt. These people

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