Colonial India: Organization, Economy, and Impact

Organization and Operation of Colonial India

Conquered lands were incorporated into the relationship of Castile, who financed the company’s discovery and colonization, controlled by establishing a monopoly on immigration and trade. The Indies copied the Spanish institutional organization: first started in the municipality and the viceroys (higher territorial organization), while the hearings were responsible for judicial functions of government.

Two viceroys were founded: the northern New Spain, which

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Medieval and Modern World Transformations: Kingdoms, Society, and Economy

The Germanic Kingdoms and the Fall of the Roman Empire

Theodosius the Great divided the late fourth-century Roman Empire into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires. As the Western Roman Empire weakened, various peoples, often called ‘barbarians,’ migrated into Roman territory, leading to the formation of small kingdoms. Major kingdoms included the Ostrogoths, Franks, Visigoths, Angles, and Saxons.

Features of the Germanic Kingdoms

Germanic peoples migrated from central and eastern Europe, a movement

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Spanish and Catalan Population Migration Patterns

The Spanish and Catalan Population

Migration Patterns

Internal Migration

In Spain, the rural exodus to urban areas began in the late 19th century. Industries in cities needed manpower, leading to significant population growth in urban areas and a decline in rural areas. From World War I (1914-1918), the population moved to provincial capitals and then to major cities like Madrid and Barcelona. Since the 1940s, a significant exodus occurred due to poverty, with peasants migrating to cities like Madrid,

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Spain’s Fishing Industry: History and Modern Challenges

Spain’s Fishing Industry: A Historical Perspective

Spain has been and remains a major world fishing power. This is indicated by the size of the fleet (tonnage and power), the volume of catches, and the landed value of fisheries.

Currently, the industry employs some 50,000 people working directly in fishing and another 22,000 who are engaged in the development and preservation of fish. In economic terms, fisheries contribute 0.5% of the GDP.

These data are indicative of the importance of Spanish fishing.

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The Industrial Revolution: Origins, Impact, and Social Changes

The Industrial Revolution

Concept: The Industrial Revolution is a historical process that involves changing an economy based on agriculture into one in which industrial activities dominate, thanks to the advance of new technologies and scientific discoveries, as well as by developing new economic theories such as liberalism. The origin was in England in the eighteenth century.



Factors that explain their origin:

The origin was in England

  • Physical: abundant hydropower and mineral resources
  • Economic: growth
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Sub-Saharan Africa, India, China: Geography, Politics, and Development

Political Boundaries in Sub-Saharan Africa (Legacy of Colonialism)

  • Berlin Conference (1884-85):

    • Organized by Otto von Bismarck to divide Africa among European powers without African input.
    • Borders ignored ethnic/cultural divisions, leading to conflicts.
    • Recognized King Leopold II’s Congo Free State.
  • Problems Caused by Colonial Boundaries:

    • Ethnic Conflicts: Split groups (e.g., Hutu/Tutsi in Rwanda & Burundi).
    • Economic Disparities: Uneven resource distribution; exploitation (e.g., DRC).
    • Weak National
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