Global Trade: Energy, Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Labor
**The Flows of Global Trade**
**4.1 Energy Products**
The energy market is currently dominated by hydrocarbons (natural gas, petroleum, and its derivatives). The USA has to import oil because of its consumption, which puts it in competition with China in the oil market. They dominate the market. The trade of energy is equivalent to 10% of the world trade, and its strategic importance is such that states consider it a priority, both from an economic point of view and for security. Oil-importing countries,
Read MoreSpanish Agriculture and Land Use: Production, Landscapes, and Challenges
Spanish Agriculture and Land Use
Cultivation of cereal and the vine
b) Changes in agricultural production: accounts for 57.1% of final agricultural production and has experienced changes in its various components:
a. Cereals occupy 37% of cultivated land. That destined for human consumption (wheat and rice) are losing ground to use as feed for livestock or compound feed manufacture (barley, corn, oats, and rye). The area is dryland cropping of the peninsular.
B. Legumes: Intended for use in green or
Read MoreThe Ancien Régime: Society, Economy, and Enlightenment
The Ancien Régime: Society and Economy
Population Dynamics in the Ancien Régime
The Ancien Régime was characterized by a stagnant society and a population adhering to the old demographic cycle. High mortality rates were prevalent due to malnutrition, inadequate sanitation, and limited medical resources. Consequently, life expectancy was notably low, although birth and fertility rates remained high. During periods of economic prosperity, population growth outpaced food production, leading to subsistence
Read MoreKey Demographic Concepts and Population Trends in Spain
Key Demographic Concepts
Census: The individual count of a country’s population at a given time.
Real Population Growth: The sum of natural growth and net migration.
Demography: The science that quantitatively analyzes population using data obtained from various demographic sources.
Population Density: The ratio of population to surface area in km2.
Life Expectancy: Relates the number of years lived by all members of a population to the number of individuals making up that population.
Population Structure:
Read MoreThe Industrial Revolutions: A Transformation of Society
1. Introduction
The Industrial Revolution marks a period of profound changes in society, transforming how work is conducted and goods are produced. This shift was driven by the use of new energy sources to power machinery. It began in England in the second half of the eighteenth century, spreading through Europe in the nineteenth century and influencing the globe. The process was driven by industrial modernization, starting with the steam engine powered by coal, followed by oil and electricity. The
Read MoreUrban Development: A Comprehensive Look at City Evolution
Urban Vocabulary
- Area Urban Core: An urban area with a population exceeding the established threshold for a city, surrounded by connected land.
- Central City: The urban area with defined physical and administrative boundaries, encompassing economic, political, social, and cultural activities.
- Metropolitan Area: An urban area formed by a central city and its surrounding localities.
- Conurbation: A group of cities that were initially separate but have merged due to growth.
- Megalopolis: A large concentration