The European Union and Globalization

Establishment of the European Union

Treaty of Maastricht and the White Paper

In 1993, the European Union (EU) was established by the Treaty of Maastricht. A white paper was published, setting out a timetable for the treaty’s implementation.

Historical Background

  • 1951: Treaty of Paris
  • 1957: Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community
  • 1973: Expansion from six to nine members
  • 1986: Spain and Portugal join; Single European Act
  • 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall
  • 1990: Unification of Germany
  • 1999: Introduction
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Urban Planning: Plots, Buildings, and Regulations

Introduction: Public and Private Spaces in Urban Planning

The space defined by roads and buildings is essential for urban planning, encompassing both public and private areas. Roads, belonging to municipalities, are considered public spaces, while the areas designated for buildings are private. Developers often bear the initial costs of road construction, which are then handed over to the municipality. A city block can contain multiple buildings arranged in various ways, with interior spaces serving

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Spain Under Franco: Regime Consolidation and Economic Growth

1. The Institutions and the Consolidation of the Regime

The dictator, who concentrated all power, assumed from the beginning the role of system component. Gradually, various organizational laws were approved, forming what came to be called the Fundamental Laws of Motion:

  • Labor Law, 1938: Prohibition of free trade unions. Following the Fascist model, the Vertical Union Organization was set up as the single trade union controlled by the Falange.
  • Constitutive Act of the Cortes, 1942: Cortes elected by
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Urbanization in Spain: A Historical Overview

Industrial Urbanization (Mid-19th to Mid-20th Century)

Socioeconomic Growth and Provincial Capitals

From 1833, provincial capitals experienced significant growth, driven by socioeconomic factors and the establishment of government services and institutions. Growth was slow until the second third of the 19th century.

Demolition of Medieval Walls and Urban Expansion

From the second third of the 19th century until the Civil War, medieval walls were demolished, making way for bourgeois expansions with

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Vocational Training Courses in Barquisimeto

Vocational Training Courses

Industry Services

Automotive

  • Mechanical Operator
  • Email Alignment and Balancing
  • Programming and Front-End Alignment
  • PC Maintenance & Repair
  • Auto Electrical
  • Electronically Controlled Automatic Cases

Other Services

  • AutoCAD
  • Basic and Advanced Blacksmithing (Aluminum)
  • Basic Welding
  • Free Software

Tourism

Tourism

  • Tourism Assistant
  • Tourism Guide
  • Waitress
  • Ceremonial, Protocol, and Etiquette
  • Fair Guide
  • Organization of Events and Protocol

Hospitality

  • Basic Bar and Food Service
  • Room Service and Lingerie
  • Shopping

Health

  • Nutrition
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Understanding Agricultural Practices and Landscapes

Definitions

Primary Sector

The primary sector encompasses activities that involve obtaining natural resources, including agriculture, breeding, holding, forestry, fishing, and mining.

Agricultural Area

An agricultural area is created when humans modify natural spaces for agricultural, forestry, husbandry, and other related activities.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of plant products for human or animal consumption, or as raw materials for industry.

Cropping Systems

Cropping systems aim to overcome

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