Global Population Dynamics: Trends, Structure, and Migration Impacts

Population refers to the total number of people who live in a specific place, such as a city, a country, or the entire world. Human Geography studies how population is distributed, how it changes over time, and the reasons why people move from one place to another. Understanding population helps us learn more about how people live, work, and interact with their environment.

Global Population Growth Trends

The global population has not grown at a consistent rate. Historical events, such as the Neolithic

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19th Century Global Transformations: Society, Politics, and Empire

19th Century Global Transformations

The political landscape in the United States, marked by the discrimination against the Black population through segregationist policies, influenced the configuration of both the Republican and Democratic parties. Concurrently, U.S. overseas imperialism launched an expansionist policy in the Pacific, establishing control over Hawaii, the Philippines, and Guam. In the Caribbean, it gained control of Cuba and Puerto Rico following the Spanish-American War in 1898,

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Agricultural Landscapes: Factors, Plots, Ownership, and Crops

Agricultural Landscapes: Definition and Key Factors

Defining Agricultural Landscapes

Agricultural landscapes are areas of countryside transformed by primary sector activities, including those adapted for hunting and inhabited areas transformed by humans for economic activities.

Key Factors of Agricultural Plots

Plots are pieces of land. For agricultural plots, it is important to consider:

Plot Characteristics

  • Shape: Whether they are uniform (rectangular, round, etc.) or irregular.
    • Uniform plots are common
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Rural Landscapes and Agricultural Dynamics in Spain

Rural areas are territories primarily characterized by agricultural, livestock, and forestry activities, alongside recreational, industrial, and rural services. These spaces are shaped by a plurality of physical and human factors.

Physical Factors Influencing Agriculture

The natural environment includes:

  • Relief: High average altitude, abundant slopes.
  • Climate: Scarce and irregular precipitation, extreme temperatures.
  • Soils: Poor quality.

Human Factors in Agricultural Activity

The Traditional Agrarian Structure

The

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Venezuela’s Historical Border Disputes: Colombia, Brazil, Guyana

Venezuela’s Historical Border Disputes

The Michelena-Pombo Treaty (1833)

On December 14, 1833, three years after the dissolution of Gran Colombia, Lino de Pombo, representing Colombia, and Santos Michelena, representing Venezuela, signed a treaty of friendship, alliance, commerce, navigation, and limits. This treaty, however, was rejected by Venezuelan congress members.

Subsequent Agreements with Colombia

After the Michelena-Pombo treaty, another agreement was signed on July 23, 1842, focusing on friendship,

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Spanish Economic Shifts: Colonial Trade and Fiscal Challenges

ITEM 3: Colonial Trade and Fiscal Crises

Contradictions in Colonial Trade and Fiscal Crisis

Colonial Trade Crisis

Spain’s economy faced challenges due to its colonial trade. The nation imported more food and manufactured goods than it produced, as it primarily exported raw materials. After the loss of colonies, imports of food and manufactured goods were initially prohibited. While this succeeded for food, it failed for manufacturing due to widespread smuggling.

The economy was underdeveloped, exporting

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