Ancient Spain: From Atapuerca to the Visigothic Kingdom
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Atapuerca:
Atapuerca is a significant deposit located in the province of Burgos, where the oldest human fossils in Europe have been discovered. These fossils date back approximately one million years. The fossils belong to relatives of the African Homo habilis and a new species called Homo antecessor. Alongside the fossils, instruments and tools have been found, providing insights into how these early humans lived. This highlights the value of these deposits.
Altamira:
The Cave of Altamira, located
Read MoreIndustrial Revolution: Cotton, Coal, Trade & Social Impact
The Cotton Industry in England
The cotton industry was mainly located in North West England, around Bolton, Manchester, and Liverpool. Cotton exports increased substantially between 1820 and 1840, particularly to Latin America, Europe, and the West Indies.
Coal and Metallurgy
Large amounts of coal were required in the metallurgy process and to power the machines. The metallurgy factories were therefore built close to coal mines to create a shorter supply line.
Economic Freedom and Labor
Economic freedom
Read MoreSpain’s Agricultural Production and Crop Diversity
Diversification of Rural Activities: Agricultural Use
Agricultural supplies represent 56% of total income from agriculture and have experienced great changes in the last 40 years. The fact that the cultivated area is decreasing every day, and production is higher, is explained by the scientific and technical improvements introduced and by the increased size of farms.
Cereals
They are the most widespread crop in Spain and are second in value only to vegetables. The main cereals and their production
Read MoreCrown of Aragon Expansion & Catholic Kings’ Unification of Spain
The Crown of Aragon’s Mediterranean Expansion
The expansion of the Crown of Aragon in the Mediterranean was due to balanced development. Agricultural surpluses led to abundant capital, establishing a strong currency and fostering business and commercial crafts, alongside social stability.
The monarchy established a territorial economic empire in the Mediterranean based on long-distance trade, an international legal apparatus, and military conquest. Trade focused on eastern Mediterranean routes, with
Read MoreUnderstanding Industrialization: A Comprehensive Analysis
Understanding Industrialization
Factors Driving Industrialization
Agricultural development in England generated significant capital that was invested in industry. Changes favoring agriculture, labor, and cities led to a population increase and a workforce for factories. Surplus farmers and industrial products created demand for steel. Modern England (London) became a commercial and maritime power. Accumulated capital from fabric sales was used to promote the industrial sector. Great Britain possessed
Read MoreAmerica’s Discovery, Conquest, and Colonial Administration
The Discovery of America
The discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492 was one of the most important events in European history and shaped the political, social, and economic landscape for centuries. Christopher Columbus, a Genoese sailor, presented his plan to reach India by sailing west, first to Portugal and then to Castile. After tough negotiations, the Capitulations of Santa Fe were signed in 1492 between the Catholic Monarchs (RRCC) and Columbus, granting him titles and benefits
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