19th Century Spanish Economy: Liberal Reforms and Industrialization
19th Century Spanish Economy
Economy XIX: Although liberalism was conservative for the Bourbons, they took steps to dismantle medieval laws of privilege, paving the way for modern capitalist relations as advocated by the bourgeoisie. The nobility and the bourgeoisie governed together for 70 years. In the 19th century, the population grew from 10.5 to 16.6 million, with a coastal distribution. The population began a rural exodus, leaving the countryside for Madrid, the Basque Country, and Barcelona.
Read MorePrehistoric Spain: From Paleolithic Hunters to the Bronze Age
1. The Paleolithic Era
Lower Paleolithic
In the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos), a new theory has emerged. In 1994, in the chasm called Gran Dolina, hominid remains were discovered. These remains are dated to around 780,000 years ago, with subsequent findings dating back to 1,200,000 years ago. These are the oldest hominids found in Europe. This is a hominid species distinct from Homo erectus. A new hypothesis on the evolution of the species has been proposed: Homo antecessor, found in Atapuerca, was
Read MoreAgriculture in Extremadura: Crops, Livestock, and Irrigation
Agricultural Activity in Extremadura
The agricultural sector plays a vital role in the socioeconomic reality of Extremadura. In 2007, agriculture and livestock contributed 11.62% to the regional GDP, and they continue to be of significant economic importance to Extremadura’s agricultural productivity. Recent decades have seen positive developments, reflecting the modernization and improvement of the region’s economy. Farming in Extremadura maintains a balance between crop cultivation and livestock
Read MoreUnderstanding the Primary Sector: Agriculture, Livestock, and More
Primary Sector: Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry, and Fishing
Item 4: Primary Sector Resources
Resources extracted from nature include agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing.
The Agrarian Population
In 2005, the agrarian population represented 43% of the world’s population. However, in developed countries, the percentage is below 10%, while in underdeveloped countries it exceeds 50%.
The Surface
The continents with the largest surface area are Europe and Asia.
The Physical Factors
Relief
- Latitude:
Demographic Transition and Migration: Impacts on Economies
Demographic Transition
The starting point is usually a situation of stationary population growth, despite the high birth rates (low life expectancy) and the high mortality due to the inadequacy of food resources and health care. Economic development tends to be linked with the improvement of agricultural productivity and health conditions, resulting in a drastic reduction in mortality rates. This change originates the “demographic explosion”. Explosive population growth tends to follow a logistic
Read MoreSpanish Society and Education Transformation: 1875-1902
Spanish Society and Mentality: 1875-1902
Society and Mentality
The society of Spain during the Restoration has been characterized as a dual society in which two very different worlds coexisted, with a rather weak relationship between them:
- A vast agricultural interior with subsistence lifestyles, very backward, and isolated.
- A few industrial areas where a modern society was slowly emerging. These areas were located mainly on the periphery, with the exception of Madrid.
In general, poverty was rampant.
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