Spain’s 19th Century: Economy, Society, and Demographics
Agriculture, Industry, and Transportation in 19th-Century Spain
Agrarian Transformations
The confiscation was a *fake* land reform. We can distinguish three stages in the disentailment legislation:
- The first started with Godoy and continued with José I. The Cortes of Cádiz approved a general decree of confiscation, which could hardly be implemented.
- The second began with the disentailment laws of Mendizábal and lasted until its application was paralyzed by the moderate government of Narváez.
- The
Industrial Revolutions and Societal Shifts: 18th-20th Centuries
First Industrial Revolution: Technical Improvements
The replacement of human and animal force mechanics was made possible by a series of technical innovations. The main areas in which there were technical innovations were energy (Watt’s steam engine), textiles (cotton spinning and weaving), metallurgy (blast furnaces, etc.), and finally, transport (Stephenson’s locomotive). The division of labor resulted in a significant increase in productivity and lower manufacturing costs, resulting in turn in
Read MoreArgentina: Geography, Economy, and Globalization
Argentina’s Geographical Extremes
Endpoints:
- North: Confluence of the Rio Grande and Mojinete, Cerro Branqui (Jujuy)
- East: City of Bernardo de Irigoyen (Misiones)
- West: Los Glaciares National Park (Santa Cruz)
- South: Cape San Pio (Tierra del Fuego)
Attributes of the Argentine State
For the Argentine State to be recognized as such, it must possess the following:
- Territory: A defined physical space in which to exercise sovereignty.
- Population: People living within the physical space, fostering a sense of belonging
Socioeconomic Landscape of Spain and Catalonia: An Analysis
Industrial and Post-Industrial Society Characteristics in Europe
Europe is a post-industrial society. The industrial sector, which was the main economic activity on the continent during the twentieth century, has been replaced by the service sector, which now generates more jobs and wealth. This post-industrial society has evolved from an industry-based economy to one focused on services, with the emergence of information and communication technologies playing a significant role.
Indicators: Above
Read MoreUrban Planning and City Types: Definitions and Characteristics
Urban Catchment Area
Urban Catchment Area: A zone structured around a city, on which this area plays a different role.
Historical Center
Historical Center: The part of the current city ranging from its origins to the industrial age. Usually surrounded by a wall, its layout is anarchic, with closed plots, low altitudes, and different land uses.
Urban Center
Urban Center: An urban area where the main tertiary activities are found, characterized by their accessibility, the height of buildings, and a small
Read MoreEuropean Union: History, Institutions, and Economy
Need for a European Commercial Block
Creating a European common market was not a new idea. The first proposals were translated into the variables of the Treaty of Rome, signed in 1957 by Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The treaty predicted the prosperity of the European Economic Community (EEC) and saw both economical and political unity, depending on a single internal market. The EEC established policies followed by concrete actions on the free movement of goods,
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