19th Century Capitalism, Depression, and Imperialism

19th Century Capitalist Economy Cycles

The capitalist economy is characterized by cycles of high industrial production followed by crises. These crises often result from excessive industrial production, creating more goods than the market can absorb for consumption. Consequently, prices fall, profits decrease, and unemployment rises.

The Great Depression of 1873-1896

The economic crisis beginning in 1873, known as the Great Depression (1873-1896), was the first major depression under capitalism. Millions

Read More

Reconquista: Christian Resistance, Stages, and Cultural Impact

The Reconquista: Christian Resistance and Cultural Impact

The Main Pockets of Resistance: The resistance began with the Christian Battle of Covadonga in 722. Major pockets of resistance were found in the Cantabrian area, which had a difficult climate for the Muslims. This kingdom gave rise to the Asturian-Leonese kingdom in the early 9th century. Castile became a county and, in the 11th century, a kingdom. In 1230, the king of Castile and León was always the same, which led to the Kingdom of Castile

Read More

Urbanization Stages: Pre-Industrial to Post-Industrial

Urbanization Process: A Historical Overview

Pre-Industrial Urbanization

Pre-industrial urbanization encompasses the origins of cities up to the beginning of the industrial era (19th century). During this period, urbanization rates did not exceed 10% of the population, and the average city size ranged from 5 to 10 million inhabitants. Key factors favoring urban development included:

  • Strategic-military considerations
  • Political-administrative functions
  • Economic activities
  • Religious significance

This process

Read More

Five Themes of Geography (MRHELP) & Canadian Regions

Movement

How are people and places linked by communication and the flow of people, products, information, and ideas?

  • People: Immigration, migration, refugees
  • Products: Cars, trucks, planes, trains
  • Information/Ideas: Phones, computers, social media, TV, radio, newspapers

Regions

What are regions and how are they useful?

Formal Regions

Based on official boundaries, such as cities and provinces (e.g., St. Lawrence Lowlands, Greater Vancouver Regional District).

Functional Regions

Based on connections created

Read More

Agriculture and Aquaculture Terminology

Aquaculture

A technique for cultivating aquatic organisms.

Agricultural Market

A market whose production is oriented towards sales.

Organic Farming

Farming that uses natural resources rationally and balanced to produce food.

Extensive Agriculture

Agriculture practiced in regions with low population density.

Intensive Agriculture

Agriculture that produces large quantities of products continuously in small spaces.

Mediterranean Agriculture

Agriculture practiced in both rainfed and irrigated conditions, with

Read More

Early Modern Europe: Society, Politics, Economy (17th-18th C.)

17th Century Europe: Society and Economy

Population Challenges: Epidemics and Starvation

Europe’s population growth in the 17th century was poor, largely due to recurring epidemics and periods of starvation.

Social Hierarchy: Privileged vs. Non-Privileged

Society was strictly stratified, divided into privileged (nobility and clergy) and non-privileged classes. The bourgeoisie emerged as a rich and important sector within the non-privileged group.

Trade Expansion: New Routes and Atlantic Shift

New trade

Read More