Spanish Conquest of America: Territories, Governance, Economy

Spanish Exploration and Conquest of America

The exploration of new territories occurred mostly during the reign of Charles I. In 1513, Vasco Nuñez de Balboa crossed the Panama Isthmus and discovered the South Sea (Pacific Ocean). Between 1519 and 1522, Magellan and Elcano first circumnavigated the world, demonstrating that the globe was round. The conquest of the immense American territories was a rapid process (1520-1545).

  • Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire (now Mexico), where he arrived with
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Agriculture, Industry, and Trade in Spain

Agricultural Landscapes of Spain

Wet Spain

Located in Cantabria, Galicia, and the Cantabrian mountainous areas, the dominant slope is near the coast. The main activity is cattle ranching; farming is secondary due to few flat areas. The habitat is scattered, and the plots are bocage.

Mediterranean Spain

It is characterized by mountainous terrain and very fertile lowlands. In the pre-littoral areas, the terrain is more rugged and steep. Agriculture dominates; livestock is minor and there is no logging.

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Ancient Iberian Peninsula Settlements

Settlements in the Iberian Peninsula

In the first millennium BC, peoples more advanced both materially and spiritually reached the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Hence, we call them colonizing peoples. They came with economic and commercial interests, since the eastern Mediterranean peoples were much more advanced and had developed substantial trade in the Mediterranean, especially in metals like copper, tin, gold, and silver. They were also interested in salted products, jewelry, and salt. These people

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Analyzing Rural Landscapes: Key Elements & Land Use

Analyzing Rural Landscapes: Key Elements

Rural landscapes are a combination of the natural environment and human agricultural activity. Therefore, when analyzing them, both aspects must be considered.

4.1. Location in Space

Indicate whether it is an interior, coastal, or mountain landscape, and specify its geographical location.

4.2. Analysis of the Environment

  • Relief: Altitude, slope, landforms (hills, valleys, etc.).
  • Natural Vegetation: Extent, location in the landscape, vegetation type (forest, scrub)
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Geography & Economics: Key Terms Explained

Geography and Economics: Key Terms

Cliff: Steep and rocky coast with vertical walls, due to sea erosion.

Aquaculture: Activity dedicated to fish farming. The center where salmon are raised is called a fish farm.

Economic Activity: Any activity that humans perform to meet their needs and offers benefits and services.

Financial Activity: Transport is responsible for the movement of capital.

Aquifers: Water flowing through underground strata that is not waterproof, forming water pockets inside the earth,

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Globalization, Development, and Superpowers: A Comparative Analysis

Globalization

  • Progress in communications and transportation.
  • Generalization of the capitalist system.
  • Accrual of international economic organizations.

Globalization works globally: production is organized on a global scale, homogenizing tastes and facilitating exchanges of goods, capital, services, and information. This helps multinational corporations gain advantages by buying raw materials and installing plants in advantageous locations for sales anywhere.

Areas of Globalization:

  • Economic: Focused on
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