Spain’s Tourism Evolution and Current Landscape

Item 18: Tourism

1. The Development of Tourism in Spain

The history of tourism in Spain goes back to the arrival of Roman travelers in the 19th century, who saw Spain as a topical and exotic country.

The beginnings of modern tourism are in the 1950s. In 1960, the number of visitors exceeded six million, and this growth continued until 1973. From 1960 to 1973, the foundations of the Spanish mass tourism model were laid, which required the construction of apartment complexes and hotels.

The expansion

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Spanish Urban System: Structure and Dynamics

Spanish Urban System (SPNL)

The Spanish Urban System (SPNL) relates to cities and their surroundings by creating other city systems, particularly in cities that have experienced significant changes.

Characteristics

The urban system is constituted by a set of interrelated cities.

Urban System Parts:

  1. Size: A rule is established according to size range, assigning each city a tidying range based on its population. In Spain, the largest urban agglomerations (over 500,000 inhabitants) are considered. Madrid
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Urbanization and Climate in Spain

Urbanization in Spain

The Urbanization Process

Urbanization is the increasing concentration of population and economic activity in cities. It involves the spread of urban characteristics to surrounding areas. The process has several stages:

Pre-Industrial Urbanization (Before 19th Century)

  • Urbanization Rate: Stable, no more than 10% of the total population lived in urban areas.
  • Average City Size: Around 5,000-10,000 people.
  • Factors: Military strategy, political administration, economic activity, religious
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Agriculture and Livestock: Factors, Types, and Impact

Agriculture: Cultivation and Factors

Agriculture is the cultivation of land to obtain products for human consumption. In developed countries, agriculture employs less than 5% of the workforce, while in developing countries, it can engage up to 80% of the population.

Physical Factors Influencing Agriculture

  • Climate: Each plant requires specific temperature and humidity conditions.
  • Relief: Altitude and slope determine land suitability for farming.
  • Soil: Each plant needs land with suitable characteristics.
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Ecology, Human Impact, and Evolution: Key Concepts

Ecology and Human Benefits

Ecology provides crucial information about the benefits of ecosystems and sustainable resource use for future generations.

  • Improves our environment by addressing poor water quality and pollution.
  • Helps manage natural resources, including endangered species protection and forest management.
  • Protects human health through processes like marshes and wetlands filtering toxins, and biomedical applications of plants and animals.

Human Activities and Ecosystem Impact

Human activities

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Migration in Spain: Internal, External, and Immigration

Migratory Movements

Migration is the movement of people in space. Emigration is moving out of a place. Immigration is the opposite. The difference between them is net migration, which can be positive or negative.

Internal Migration

Internal migrations take place within the borders of a country. These may include:

  • Temporary: Whose duration is limited. Previously associated with agricultural work such as transhumance and certain tasks in the collection.
  • Final: The rural exodus is the massive displacement
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