Spanish Industrialization: 1855-1985 – A Historical Analysis
Spanish Industrialization (1855-1985)
Introduction: Spanish industrialization faced delays compared to other European nations (1855-1900). Several factors contributed to this:
- Limited access to raw materials and basic energy resources.
- A scarcity of entrepreneurial spirit.
- Limited capital availability.
- Significant technological backwardness.
- Restricted demand for industrial products.
- An unfavorable foreign policy.
- Inadequate industrial policies.
Growth Factors (1900-1936)
Industrial growth occurred due to:
Read MoreUrban Challenges: Environmental and Social Issues in Cities
Urban Challenges: Environmental and Social Issues
Environmental Issues:
Urban areas often experience a unique microclimate characterized by higher temperatures and increased precipitation. This abnormal temperature increase is known as a heat island effect. Air pollution, resulting in a haze of dust and smoke, negatively impacts the health of plants, buildings, and people. To address these issues, enhancing public transportation and promoting energy savings through the use of less polluting vehicles
Read MoreConceptes Clau d’Urbanisme i Demografia
Àrea metropolitana
Conjunt format per una ciutat gran i les ciutats més petites que l’envolten, formant un sistema on es produeix un alt intercanvi de persones, béns i comunicacions.
Conurbació
Gran àrea urbanitzada amb diversos nuclis d’importància igual o similar, que poden tenir característiques diferenciades. Exemple: A Catalunya, les ciutats de Sabadell (SBD), Terrassa, Reus i Tarragona.
Jerarquia urbana
Classificació de les ciutats d’una regió segons els serveis que ofereixen i la seva
Read MoreSpain’s Fishing Sector: Production, Regions, and Trade
The EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) has aimed to reduce the number of vessels and fishing capacity, although implementation varies across member states. The CFP regulates production in EU waters, setting limits on both the species caught and the tonnage assigned to each country. Note: Irish waters, as well as those of Ceuta, Melilla, and the Canary Islands, have specific considerations outside the main EU waters definition for certain aspects.
EU Fisheries Agreements and Access
Access to EU waters
Read MoreUnderstanding Urban Agglomerations and Metropolitan Areas
Urban Agglomerations
Some cities grow and connect with other towns, forming urban agglomerations. One type is the metropolitan area, a large urban extension surrounding a major city and encompassing several municipalities.
Characteristics of Metropolitan Areas
- Headed by a major city with high economic activity.
- Economic and social connections between the central city and surrounding areas.
- The central city provides employment and services.
- Businesses relocate to surrounding areas for more space and lower
Rise of Islam: Arabia, Muhammad, Caliphate, Culture
Islam’s Emergence in 7th Century Arabia
Islam emerged in seventh-century Arabia, a peninsula situated between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. In the seventh century, it exhibited significant internal division across different areas:
Arabia Before Islam: Divisions
Political Fragmentation
The territory was divided among numerous independent tribes.
Economic Landscape
The interior of the peninsula was inhabited by Bedouin tribes who practiced nomadic pastoralism.
Religious Diversity
The Bedouins were largely
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