Land, Rail, and Maritime Transport Networks in Spain
Land Transport Networks: Impact on Space
Transport networks are major factors in shaping both urban and rural landscapes. A railroad, road, or highway can divide or isolate a city. In rural areas, several problems arise. Modern roadways require underpasses to facilitate the movement of animals. Construction often involves the destruction of natural vegetation and creates obstacles to natural water flow.
Relationship with Space
Three elements determine the relationship between road networks and space:
Read MoreSpace Impact: Demographic, Settlement, and Economic Analysis
Space Impact:
Impact Demographic:
- Coastal areas: Population has increased, with young adults seeking employment and other adults or seniors permanently establishing businesses or therapeutic services. This increases employment in the tertiary sector and construction.
- Rural and mountainous areas and some cities: The decline in historical development has slowed, stimulating the rehabilitation of crafts and traditions.
Impact on Settlement:
- Settlement extends along the coast with urban, high-density construction,
Key Terms: Understanding 18th Century Society and Economics
Key Terms: Unit 1
- Import-Export: Buying goods from another country, the opposite of exporting (selling goods).
- Limited Suffrage: The right to vote restricted by race, sex, belief, sexual orientation, and especially wealth or social status.
- Manufacture: The process of producing goods in large quantities using machinery in large buildings, with economic support from the State.
- Mercantilism: An economic system designed to maximize a country’s exports and its accumulation of gold and silver. It is the
Industrial Revolution: Transport, Energy, and Corporate Evolution
The Railway Age
The Railway Age was made possible by two key advances:
- The steam engine, which powered locomotives.
- Iron, the raw material used to build trains and railways.
In 1830, the first public transport railway line opened, running between Liverpool and Manchester. Technical advances made the railway a fast, safe, and cheap means of transport. It also:
- Promoted mining by increasing the demand for coal.
- Boosted the iron industry, which supplied the iron needed to build trains and railways.
Progress
Read MoreGlobal Economic Shifts: 1973-2000 Analysis
Global Economic Shifts: 1973-2000
Energy Consumption and Economic Significance (1973-2000)
Increasing global economic activity increases the demand on energy resources. The largest increases in energy consumption occurred in less developed countries. Europe significantly reduced power consumption, the USA did so less dramatically, and Japan followed suit.
The Economic Crisis of 1973: Causes
- Rising price of oil.
- External imbalance in the USA: military spending, capital exports, reducing the competitive
Mediterranean Agriculture: Landscape, Regional Varieties, and Challenges
Mediterranean Agricultural Landscape
The Mediterranean agricultural landscape spans the Mediterranean coast, including the Iberian littoral, Balearic Islands, and the Guadalquivir Valley. It thrives in a Mediterranean climate, with variants like pure and coastal steppes, experiencing rainfall between 250 and 800 l/m2, hot summers, and mild winters.
The terrain varies, being relatively flat in coastal plains and lowlands (Guadalquivir Valley) and semi-mountainous inland. This results in diverse natural
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