19th Century Global Transformations: Society, Politics, and Empire
19th Century Global Transformations
The political landscape in the United States, marked by the discrimination against the Black population through segregationist policies, influenced the configuration of both the Republican and Democratic parties. Concurrently, U.S. overseas imperialism launched an expansionist policy in the Pacific, establishing control over Hawaii, the Philippines, and Guam. In the Caribbean, it gained control of Cuba and Puerto Rico following the Spanish-American War in 1898,
Read MoreAgricultural Landscapes: Factors, Plots, Ownership, and Crops
Agricultural Landscapes: Definition and Key Factors
Defining Agricultural Landscapes
Agricultural landscapes are areas of countryside transformed by primary sector activities, including those adapted for hunting and inhabited areas transformed by humans for economic activities.
Key Factors of Agricultural Plots
Plots are pieces of land. For agricultural plots, it is important to consider:
Plot Characteristics
- Shape: Whether they are uniform (rectangular, round, etc.) or irregular.
- Uniform plots are common
Rural Landscapes and Agricultural Dynamics in Spain
Rural areas are territories primarily characterized by agricultural, livestock, and forestry activities, alongside recreational, industrial, and rural services. These spaces are shaped by a plurality of physical and human factors.
Physical Factors Influencing Agriculture
The natural environment includes:
- Relief: High average altitude, abundant slopes.
- Climate: Scarce and irregular precipitation, extreme temperatures.
- Soils: Poor quality.
Human Factors in Agricultural Activity
The Traditional Agrarian Structure
The
Read MoreVenezuela’s Historical Border Disputes: Colombia, Brazil, Guyana
Venezuela’s Historical Border Disputes
The Michelena-Pombo Treaty (1833)
On December 14, 1833, three years after the dissolution of Gran Colombia, Lino de Pombo, representing Colombia, and Santos Michelena, representing Venezuela, signed a treaty of friendship, alliance, commerce, navigation, and limits. This treaty, however, was rejected by Venezuelan congress members.
Subsequent Agreements with Colombia
After the Michelena-Pombo treaty, another agreement was signed on July 23, 1842, focusing on friendship,
Read MoreSpanish Economic Shifts: Colonial Trade and Fiscal Challenges
ITEM 3: Colonial Trade and Fiscal Crises
Contradictions in Colonial Trade and Fiscal Crisis
Colonial Trade Crisis
Spain’s economy faced challenges due to its colonial trade. The nation imported more food and manufactured goods than it produced, as it primarily exported raw materials. After the loss of colonies, imports of food and manufactured goods were initially prohibited. While this succeeded for food, it failed for manufacturing due to widespread smuggling.
The economy was underdeveloped, exporting
Read MoreUnderstanding Europe: Geography, Population, and EU Structure
The European Territory
Europe is situated in the Northern Hemisphere. The principal types of relief are:
- Old Mountains: North-west and centre of the continent.
- Plains: Occupy a large area that stretches from west to east, forming the Great European Plains.
- Young Mountains: These can be found in the south.
Most natural landscapes in Europe are temperate, cold, and alpine. Europe consists of many states with different political systems (e.g., parliamentary monarchies, republics, principalities).