Spain’s 19th Century Transformation: Economy, Society, and Romantic Art
19th Century Spain: Socio-Economic Dynamics
23. Agricultural and Demographic Characteristics
- Land Reform: Approximately 70% of land was affected, but the reform was insufficient.
- Agricultural Advances: Increased production due to the introduction of new farming techniques and machinery.
Agricultural Production (c. 1900)
- Cereal and legumes dominated production.
- Other important crops included the vine, roots, tubers, and bulbs.
Demographic Trends
- Population growth in Spain was lower than in the UK.
- Growth
The Industrial Revolution: Causes, Impact, and Global Spread
The Industrial Revolution
- Began in the UK.
- Started in the late 18th century:
- 1st Industrial Revolution (1780–1870)
- 2nd Industrial Revolution (1870–1914)
- Changed:
- The way goods were produced (machines replaced manual labor).
- The way work was organized (factories, division of labor).
- Radically changed the economy and society, marking the end of the agrarian economy.
Why the Industrial Revolution Began in the UK
- Stable political situation and favorable economic system: Economic Liberalism.
- The Agricultural
Global Interdependence and Territorial Disparities
The Process and Causes of Globalization
Globalization is the growing interdependence among countries in all areas. The primary causes of this phenomenon include:
- Transport improvements: These facilitate the transfer of persons and goods globally.
- Progress in telecommunications: This allows for interrelationships of all kinds, enabling the sending and receiving of instant information to coordinate business.
- Generalization of the capitalist system: Based on private property, free competition, and maximum
UK Industrial Location Factors and Evolution
Secondary Activities and Manufacturing
Secondary activities are also called manufacturing activities because these industries are a form of employment in which things are made, assembled, or produced.
Industrial Location Factors
Not all industries have the same location factors. For some, it may be more important to be near raw materials. For others, it is more important to be near labour, markets, or a good transport system. For example, a food processing factory uses fruit and vegetables from nearby
Read MoreHistorical Vocabulary: Segregation, Sharecropping, and Migration Terms
Vocabulary: Historical & Social Terms
Chipping
Definition: cutting, striking, or flaking off a small, usually thin and flat piece (as of wood or stone).
Synonyms / Translations: flake off, flake out / desprenderse, romper / déchiquetage, ébréchure, écaillage, s’effriter.
Example: The paint was constantly peeling from the thin walls.
Disrepair
Definition: the state of being in need of repair.
Translations: désolation / deterioro, en mal estado / délabrement, en mauvais état.
Example: The fence,
Read MoreEssential Facts: UK Culture, History, and Travel Rules
Seaweeds: Sustainable Food Source
Seaweeds are commonly eaten in Asia but are still underused in Western countries. Interest in seaweed is increasing, and they may become important ingredients in Europe because they are nutritious and sustainable.
The Domesday Book: Medieval Record
The Domesday Book was written in 1088 for William the Conqueror. It recorded who owned land in England and how much it was worth, so the king could calculate taxes. It is extremely important because it gives detailed information
Read More