Key Economic and Industrial Terms
Economic Concepts
- Economy: System that organizes the use of a country’s resources.
- Economic System: Way a society organizes its economy.
- Economic Agent: Person, group, or institution that activates the economy.
- Globalization: A process of integration that affects economic, political, and cultural systems across geographical boundaries.
- Resource: Thing a person or country has that can be used for economic benefit.
- Goods: Objects that have a use or value for the person who possesses them.
- Factor of Production:
Environmental Challenges and Urban Development
Environmental Challenges
Air Pollution: Primarily caused by industrial emissions, air pollution has several consequences:
- Global warming, due to increased CO2 and other greenhouse gases.
- Thinning of the ozone layer, caused by Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
- Urban air pollution, resulting from human activities, traffic, and industries.
Water Exploitation:
- Excessive water consumption.
- Freshwater pollution from untreated agricultural and urban discharges.
- Ocean and sea pollution from oil spills and ship activities.
Romanization of Hispania: Urbanization, Military & Roads
The Romanization of Hispania: Key Factors
1. Urban Development
The Roman people were primarily urban dwellers. They lived on estates, a population model exported throughout the Empire. Civilization, as they understood it, thrived in cities. Those who settled in the provinces (veterans, migrants from Rome, Italy) did so in cities, often created expressly for them (the colonies). From the first, Italica, founded by Scipio in 26 BC, the creation of this kind of new town or near town centers incumbent
Read MoreSpain’s Tourism Evolution and Current Landscape
Item 18: Tourism
1. The Development of Tourism in Spain
The history of tourism in Spain goes back to the arrival of Roman travelers in the 19th century, who saw Spain as a topical and exotic country.
The beginnings of modern tourism are in the 1950s. In 1960, the number of visitors exceeded six million, and this growth continued until 1973. From 1960 to 1973, the foundations of the Spanish mass tourism model were laid, which required the construction of apartment complexes and hotels.
The expansion
Read MoreSpanish Urban System: Structure and Dynamics
Spanish Urban System (SPNL)
The Spanish Urban System (SPNL) relates to cities and their surroundings by creating other city systems, particularly in cities that have experienced significant changes.
Characteristics
The urban system is constituted by a set of interrelated cities.
Urban System Parts:
- Size: A rule is established according to size range, assigning each city a tidying range based on its population. In Spain, the largest urban agglomerations (over 500,000 inhabitants) are considered. Madrid
Urbanization and Climate in Spain
Urbanization in Spain
The Urbanization Process
Urbanization is the increasing concentration of population and economic activity in cities. It involves the spread of urban characteristics to surrounding areas. The process has several stages:
Pre-Industrial Urbanization (Before 19th Century)
- Urbanization Rate: Stable, no more than 10% of the total population lived in urban areas.
- Average City Size: Around 5,000-10,000 people.
- Factors: Military strategy, political administration, economic activity, religious