Urbanization in Spain: Pre-Industrial to Post-Industrial Cities
Urban Settlement and the Concept of a Town
Defining the city space is complex and involves both quantitative and qualitative criteria:
- Quantitative criteria are based on population figures. In Spain, the National Statistics Institute (INE) considers municipalities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as urban.
- Qualitative criteria define the city based on morphological, functional, sociological, and spatial aspects.
- The morphological criterion considers the formal aspect of the city.
- The functional approach
Imperialism: Causes, Consequences, and Global Impact
Imperialism
A system in which the culture, politics, and economy of the world are organized according to the domain of some countries over others.
What Were the Causes of Imperialism?
Economic
- Search for new economic areas to establish export markets in industrial production, raw materials, and energy, get a low cost, and use cheap and low-skilled labor (construction of infrastructure to promote the distribution).
- Search for new places to invest capital in areas of low competition (minority) or newly
Rural Spain: Agriculture, Livestock, and Forestry
The Rural Area
It is a territory that has been undeveloped agricultural space where agriculture, livestock, and forestry are developed. Because of the recreational service industries, rural areas have become more heterogeneous and complex, and the issue is broader.
Physical Factors and Human Elements
The Natural Environment
a) The relief shows a high altitude and abundant erosion slopes, which make mechanization difficult. 70% of the land is between 200 and 1000 meters high. b) The climate is characterized
Read MoreUrbanization Trends, Challenges, and Environmental Impact
Urbanization: A Global Phenomenon
Countries, States, Territories, and Global Population Trends
Chapter 4: Countries, States, and Territories
Countries of the World
Country: An organization consisting of a society, territory, and state.
The States
Status: The form of political organization of countries.
Attributions:
- Regulate the economy and legal standards.
- Provide educational services, health, and transport.
- Issue currency.
- Organize armies.
- Defend the geographical scope from external threats.
Government: State administration. Citizens elect the executive and the legislature. The elected executive branch.
Read MoreKey Concepts in Human Geography and Environmental Studies
Demography and Population Dynamics
Demography: The study of population characteristics—size, structure, distribution, and changes over time. Population Growth: Increase in population due to birth rates, death rates, and migration. Natural Increase: Growth from the difference between births and deaths, excluding migration. Zero Population Growth: Births equal deaths, resulting in no population growth. Total Fertility: The average number of children a woman is expected to have. Population Pyramid:
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