Urban Planning and Regional Organization: Key Concepts

Urban Planning Concepts

Conurbation: A continuous urban agglomeration created by the parallel growth of two or more cities that join without losing their independence.

Rururbanization: A transitional space between the country and the city where mixed crops and rural and urban lifestyles coexist.

Industrial Estate Services: Areas on the periphery with business and technology parks and business estates of detached buildings with fewer resources, which emerged from the 1950s to 1960s.

Urban Layout: The

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The Industrial Revolution: Causes, Developments, and Consequences

Causes:

  • Growth of population: Led to higher demand for workers, which spurred the development of machinery and increased textile production.
  • Agricultural Revolution: Changes in agriculture transformed farming into a source of wealth instead of mere subsistence.

Enclosure Acts

The Enclosure Acts were laws that divided land into large, private estates, including land previously for public use. These acts benefited large landowners, increasing their profits. However, small landowners suffered, often selling

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Livestock and Forestry in Spain: An Overview of Production and Land Use

Livestock and Forestry in Spain

Fodder Crops

Alfalfa, corn fodder, vetch, and oats are continually increasing in expansion because domestic production is insufficient. Farmers’ profits: They account for 40% of income from the primary sector. Spanish livestock farming lags behind that of the EU, both because indigenous breeds are smaller than fairground production and their replacement is expensive. The big problem for our breeding is the structural differences of the companies, which are still dominated

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World Population Distribution and Density

Global Population Distribution

Global surface area: 510,000,000 km2

  • Land: 150,000,000 km2 (30%)
  • Water: 360,000,000 km2 (70%)

Ecumene (habitable land): 13,000,000 km2

Anecumenes: 20,000,000 km2

World population: 6,700,000,000 inhabitants.

Hemispheric Distribution

  • Northern Hemisphere: 60% water, 40% land. Contains 85% to 90% of the world’s population.
  • Southern Hemisphere (Oceanic Hemisphere): 83% water, 17% land. Contains 10% to 15% of the global population.

The unequal distribution of land inevitably generates

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Mineral Resources: Types, Extraction, and Global Impact

Mineral Resources

Mineral resources are raw materials that have a mineral origin, although they can also be of vegetable origin. They belong to the primary sector. Mineral resources can be classified as:

  • Industrial rocks: They are made up of three large groups:
    • Energy rocks (coal, oil…) used to produce energy.
    • Useful rocks (limestone, marble…) used mainly in construction.
    • Precious stones (diamond, emerald…) used in jewelry.
  • Minerals: They are classified as:
    • Useful minerals (iron, copper…).
    • Precious
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Christian Kingdoms and the Reconquista

The Formation of Christian Kingdoms

Asturian-Leonese Core: It arises in the 8th century as a reaction to the Battle of Covadonga against the Muslims, commanded by Don Pelayo. His son Favila succeeded him but died young, so the crown was inherited by Alfonso I, Count of Asturias-Cantabria, uniting these territories. This led to the first forays into the Douro Valley. In the 9th century, with Alfonso II and the rise of Neogothicism, the judge appears, imposing upon the courts. This king was related

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