Spain’s 20th Century Transformation: Society & Economy
Demographic Trends
The Demographic Transition
The demographic transition, common to all industrialized nations, began in Spain during the late 19th century. Marked by declining mortality rates and sustained births, this led to an initial surge in population growth. A second phase followed with more moderate growth, marking the beginning of the modern demographic cycle. Life expectancy increased considerably. Declining birth rates, influenced by urbanization and family planning, followed a slower,
Read MoreDeveloped vs. Underdeveloped Nations: A Comparative Analysis
Developed vs. Underdeveloped Nations
Characteristics
- Developed Countries: High income per capita (+$5000), technologically advanced industry, high standard of living (health, education, culture), high level of consumption, stable demographic growth.
- Underdeveloped Countries: Low income per capita (-$2000), limited industrial development, export of natural resources, low level of consumption, high level of demographic growth (high birth rates), totalitarian political systems, social inequality.
Inequalities
- Unequal
Al-Andalus: Society, Economy, and the Christian Kingdoms
Al-Andalus: Society, Economy, and Christian Kingdoms
Abderrahman III was the last independent emir and the first Umayyad caliph of Cordoba.
Parts of a Mosque
- Minaret (tower)
- Font of ablutions
- Courtyard (patio)
- Quibla (direction of Mecca on the wall)
- Mihrab (niche indicating the direction of Mecca)
- Prayer hall
Society in Al-Andalus
Arabs, Berbers, Muladies, Mozarabs, Jews, and Slaves
Arabs and Families of Arab Descent
- Dominant social group
- Owned
Spanish Urban Systems: Hierarchy, Roles, and Influence Areas
Spanish Urban System
City Size and the Rank-Size Rule
The size of a city is one of the bases of its urban hierarchy. It is generally assessed according to the rank-size rule, which is associated with its population. In Spain, cities with more than half a million inhabitants include Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Bilbao, Malaga, and Zaragoza.
Spatial Distribution
The spatial distribution of large cities in Spain is notable for two main features:
- Peripheral Arrangement: Large cities are arranged
Human Body, Energy, Spain, and History Facts
What is an Ecosystem?
An ecosystem consists of living things in a specific environment and the relationships between them and their habitat.
The Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system consists of the bones and cartilage (all the bones in the body) and the muscles (all the muscles in the body). Joints are the places where two bones meet or join together.
The Nervous System
The nervous system has two parts: the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous
Read MoreAsturias, León, Navarra, Aragon & Catalonia: Origins
The Kingdom of Asturias (718-910)
The Kingdom of Asturias emerged in 718 when the Visigoths in Cantabria elected Pelayo as their king. They defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Covadonga in 722. The Asturian kings gradually expanded their territory: by 800, the kingdom stretched from Galicia to Álava. By the 10th century, Alfonso III occupied the Valley of Duero. The capital moved from Oviedo to León, and the region became the Kingdom of León.
The Formation of Navarra, Aragon, and Catalonia
The
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