Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages: A History

The Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages: Early Christian Resistance

In the 8th century, Muslims occupied most of the Iberian Peninsula. However, Christian nuclei persisted in the mountainous northern regions (Galicia, Cantabrian mountains, Pyrenees).

Two interpretations explain the origin of these nuclei:

  • Traditional interpretation: Visigothic refugees in the north began the Reconquista.
  • Modern interpretation: Northern indigenous peoples, not Romanized or dominated by the Visigoths, formed the resistance.
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Spanish Economy: Production Factors, Demographics, and Capital

Unit 6: Production Factors

6.1 The Geophysical Basis of the Spanish Economy

The natural factor has two dimensions:

  • Geophysics: This dimension addresses nature’s most influential aspects on economic activity.
  • Environment: This dimension reflects the state of conservation within the biosphere.

Its elements include:

  • Geographical: Spain’s location between Europe, Africa, and America is a favorable factor.
  • Regional: Spain has a large extension compared to other EU states.
  • Orography: This acts adversely, disrupting
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Key Concepts: Factory System, Mercantilism, and Social Classes

Key Economic and Social Concepts

  • Factory System: A productive method of work organization and industrial production, contrasting with the domestic system. It centralizes machinery, tools, and workers under one roof. Each employee contributes a separate part to the total output, increasing process efficiency.
  • Domestic System: A productive method of work organization where industrial production occurs in a scattered manner in workers’ homes, often part-time and alternating with agricultural work. Bourgeois
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Colonial Rule in America & 18th-Century Spain

Establishment of Colonial Rule: The Colonization of America (16th and 17th Centuries)

The conquest of the New World began with the voyages of Columbus, the conquest of the West Indies, and the discovery of the Pacific Ocean. From that moment, the conquest of the mainland began. Many lands were conquered in America during the sixteenth century, and much of the continent was dominated. The operation was systematized and organized. The first deals generated numerous cases of exploitation of indigenous

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Understanding Population Dynamics and Migration

Population: Key Concepts

Population refers to the number of people living in a specific area.

Reasons for Population Growth:

  • Increased availability of resources.
  • Higher birth rates than death rates.
  • Improved healthcare, leading to longer lifespans.

Population Distribution: This describes how people are spread out across an area.

Population Density: This measures how crowded a place is.

  • Sparsely Populated: Few people living in an area.
  • Densely Populated: Many people living in an area.

Birth Rate: The number

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Urban Transformations: Morphology and Environmental Impact

This document examines the morphological transformations of cities, focusing on internal imbalances and the environmental consequences of urbanization. It covers various urban zones, including segregated neighborhoods, central business districts (CBDs), gated communities, gentrified areas, and degraded peripheries. Additionally, it analyzes the environmental impact of urban sprawl.

There are also the Canary and Balearic Islands; Palma de Mallorca is on the Mediterranean axis.

Transformations in the

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