The Industrial Revolution: Societal and Economic Shifts
1. Population Growth and Agricultural Expansion
The Industrial Revolution resulted from economic and technological changes that first occurred in Britain in the mid-eighteenth century, leading to a transformation of the economy and society.
The Demographic Revolution
From the mid-eighteenth century, the European population began a growth process known as the demographic revolution. The causes were increased food production and progress in hygiene and medicine. Plagues and epidemics were disappearing
Read MoreRoman Empire: Slavery, Economy, and the Rise of the Bourgeoisie
The Slaves and the Economy of the Crisis
The Roman economic system was based on slavery, which involved legal and economic relations with different rights for Roman citizens and non-citizens, and also between freemen and slaves. This created an elitist society that was, in general, very productive.
In the slave economy, Romans living in cities or rural areas were idle, and the slaves worked for them. This eventually led to a clear separation of intellectual and physical work, with physical labor considered
Read MoreUrbanization Trends: Population Growth and City Development
How Have Cities and Towns Grown?
The urban population refers to the number of people who live in cities. In 1800, only 3% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. In 1950, the figure had risen to 30%, as compared to 50% today.
In developed countries, 75% of inhabitants live in cities, against 40% in developing countries. However, cities in richer countries have stopped growing, while cities in developing countries are growing fast.
By 2017, half the population of developing countries will live
Read MoreChile’s Natural Regions: 15 Unique Ecological Zones
Natural Regions of Chile | ||
Various classifications of the natural regions have realized the special territory of Chile. One of the most accepted and used is that of Di Castri (1968), who, based on a set of criteria, which included aspects of the physical and biological environment, provides a total of fifteen ecological regions that respond to different features within the ordered climate trends: desert, tropical, Mediterranean, oceanic, continental, and polar. These regions are:
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Spanish Society and Economy: Agrarian Reform and Industrialization (1833-1874)
ITEM 10. Society and Economy (1833-1874)
1. Agrarian Transformations
The marginalization of Spain in the industrialization process in Europe is largely explained by the underdeveloped agricultural sector. In part, this was due to the poor quality of most of the farmland and the adverse weather conditions. But it was also due to the form taken by the liberal land reform, which excluded from property access much of Spain, to cultivate more, interested in efficiency. The result was the maintenance of
Read MoreGeography of Spain: Relief, Formation, and Regional Features
Spain as a Territorial Unit
The Iberian Peninsula consists of the State of Spain (predominant in the peninsula), Portugal, Andorra, and the Gibraltar enclave. In turn, Spain consists of the Spanish territories of the peninsula, the Balearic and Canary Islands, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, located in northern Africa. All these areas account for 504,782 km2, of which 492,494 km2 occupies mainland Spain. Mainland Spain has two types of boundaries: maritime, formed by the Cantabrian
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