Continents: Geography, Mountains, and Key Features

Continents: Geography and Key Features

Africa, the third largest continent, is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean (West) and the Indian Ocean (East). It is separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea and from Asia by the Red Sea. The continent is mainly flat, with an average altitude of 750m, and features many plateaus. Major mountain ranges include the Atlas Mountains (North-West) and the Drakensberg Mountains (South-East). The Great Rift Valley (East) is a long valley formed by a geological fault,

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The Second Industrial Revolution: Innovations, Impact, and Expansion

The Second Industrial Revolution: Population Growth and Migration

The improvement of hygiene and healthcare, along with medical advancements, facilitated a new phase of European population growth. Discoveries in medicine helped to stop major epidemics in Europe, and the decline in mortality from infectious diseases, caused by a decrease in infant mortality, led to an increase in life expectancy. This drop in mortality resulted in a European population explosion.

This population growth was not accompanied

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Argentina: Geography, Climate, and Regional Analysis

General Information About Argentina

  • Area: 2,780,403 square KM
  • Population: Approximately 36,000,000
  • Capital: Buenos Aires, with over 10 million inhabitants
  • Location: Two ways to locate a point on Earth: geographical location using cardinal points, and astroman location based on latitude and longitude.

Argentina is located in the southeast of South America, bordering Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Chile. It lies between 22° and 55° south latitude, placing much of its territory within the temperate

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Industrial Revolution: Causes, Energy, and Production

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Population Increase: Since the eighteenth century, plague epidemics were disappearing, and the development of agriculture allowed for the growth of food production, leading to a significant decline in mortality.

  • European mortality, including infant mortality, declined.
  • The birth rate decreased slowly but remained high, resulting in a considerable increase in vegetative growth.
  • The population increase was greater in the cities. There were also migrations, especially
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Global Biomes: Tundra, Prairie, Desert, Taiga, Steppe, Rainforest & Savanna

Global Biomes: A Comparative Analysis

Tundra

Features: Low temperatures (-15°C to 5°C) and a very short favorable season. Rainfall is low (about 300mm per year), but water is usually not limiting due to the low evaporation rate.

Geographic Distribution: Primarily in the Northern Hemisphere: Siberia, Alaska, northern Canada, southern Greenland, and the coastal Arctic of Europe.

Flora and Fauna: Herbivorous animals include caribou, reindeer, musk ox, hare, arctic hare, snow goat, and lemming. Carnivores

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Essential Vocabulary: Buildings, Nature, and Everyday Life

Here’s a list of essential vocabulary related to buildings, nature, and everyday life:

  • Bridge: Structure that provides a passage over an obstacle.
  • Concrete: Construction material made out of a mixture of cement, stone, sand, and water.
  • Engineer: Manager of a situation, system, etc.
  • Glass: Hard, transparent, brittle solid.
  • Iron: Malleable metallic element.
  • Landmark: Well-known object or feature of a particular landscape.
  • Office Block: Large building designed to provide office accommodation.
  • Resort: Place
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