Spanish Society and Economy: Agrarian Reform and Industrialization (1833-1874)
ITEM 10. Society and Economy (1833-1874)
1. Agrarian Transformations
The marginalization of Spain in the industrialization process in Europe is largely explained by the underdeveloped agricultural sector. In part, this was due to the poor quality of most of the farmland and the adverse weather conditions. But it was also due to the form taken by the liberal land reform, which excluded from property access much of Spain, to cultivate more, interested in efficiency. The result was the maintenance of
Read MoreGeography of Spain: Relief, Formation, and Regional Features
Spain as a Territorial Unit
The Iberian Peninsula consists of the State of Spain (predominant in the peninsula), Portugal, Andorra, and the Gibraltar enclave. In turn, Spain consists of the Spanish territories of the peninsula, the Balearic and Canary Islands, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, located in northern Africa. All these areas account for 504,782 km2, of which 492,494 km2 occupies mainland Spain. Mainland Spain has two types of boundaries: maritime, formed by the Cantabrian
Read MoreFerdinand and Isabella’s Reign and Bourbon Centralization
Character and Significance of the Monarchy of Ferdinand and Isabella
Territorial expansion completed in his reign. Dynastic union. Hispanic monarchy.
The personal or dynastic union of Castile and Aragon was the first step towards the establishment of the Spanish State. The monarchy’s political traffic meant a weak monarchy and feudal to a modern state held in the form of an authoritarian monarchy. Castile, whose potential was well above the population of Catalonia and Aragon, held the hegemony of
Read MoreIndustrial Activity: Location Factors and Global Trends
Industrial Activity in a Global World: The Spanish Industry
Factors of Location and Current Distribution
Industry is located in spaces that offer the most advantageous conditions for maximum benefit. Not all factors have equal weight in the location of industry, and their importance varies for each industrial sector and over time.
A. Classic Factors and Trends in Industrial Location
The “classic” factors explain the location of industry in the period between 1855 and 1975:
- Proximity to raw materials
Urban Economy and Trade in Medieval Europe
The Work, the Urban Economy, and Trade
Unions: Mechanisms of Economic and Social Control
Although crafts are not specifically urban, their organization into guilds is. The guild is a “quasi-public group of economic law, which subjects its members to collective discipline in the exercise of their profession.” Unions are characterized by their charter, which sets a number of obligations, prohibitions, and encouragements concerning people, techniques, and products. Each guild has a peculiar organization
Read MoreSpain’s Territory: Political, Administrative, and Geographic Features
Spain’s Territory: Natural Units, Political and Administrative Divisions
Spain’s territory consists of the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic and Canary Islands, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla. The Iberian Peninsula also contains the states of Portugal, Andorra, and Gibraltar. However, Spanish territory is dominant in the geography of the peninsula. Its boundaries are the Bay of Biscay, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The land boundaries are reduced on the west by the
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