Chile’s Liberal Republic Era: 1861-1891
The Liberal Republic of Chile (1861-1891)
The Liberal Republic was characterized by the promotion of individual liberties, advocating for limiting the intervention of the state and government in social, economic, and cultural matters.
Key Features and Events
- The Constitution of 1833 limited the powers of the President of the Republic and expanded the National Congress (Parliament).
- Incorporation of new territories: AraucanÃa region, rivers, lakes, the far north, and Easter Island.
- Resolution of international
Neolithic Revolution: Agriculture, Pottery, and Sedentary Life
The Neolithic Revolution
About 12,000 years ago, the planet warmed up, causing the ice sheets to retreat towards the poles. This brought profound changes to the natural world. The megafauna adapted to the cold, such as the mammoth, largely disappeared, replaced by smaller to medium-sized animals. In colder regions previously dominated by steppes, large forests emerged. In warmer areas, forests were replaced by grasses, which came to dominate much of the landscape. Grasses are a large and diverse
Read MoreUrban Planning and Regional Organization: Key Concepts
Urban Planning Concepts
Conurbation: A continuous urban agglomeration created by the parallel growth of two or more cities that join without losing their independence.
Rururbanization: A transitional space between the country and the city where mixed crops and rural and urban lifestyles coexist.
Industrial Estate Services: Areas on the periphery with business and technology parks and business estates of detached buildings with fewer resources, which emerged from the 1950s to 1960s.
Urban Layout: The
Read MoreThe Industrial Revolution: Causes, Developments, and Consequences
Causes:
- Growth of population: Led to higher demand for workers, which spurred the development of machinery and increased textile production.
- Agricultural Revolution: Changes in agriculture transformed farming into a source of wealth instead of mere subsistence.
Enclosure Acts
The Enclosure Acts were laws that divided land into large, private estates, including land previously for public use. These acts benefited large landowners, increasing their profits. However, small landowners suffered, often selling
Read MoreLivestock and Forestry in Spain: An Overview of Production and Land Use
Livestock and Forestry in Spain
Fodder Crops
Alfalfa, corn fodder, vetch, and oats are continually increasing in expansion because domestic production is insufficient. Farmers’ profits: They account for 40% of income from the primary sector. Spanish livestock farming lags behind that of the EU, both because indigenous breeds are smaller than fairground production and their replacement is expensive. The big problem for our breeding is the structural differences of the companies, which are still dominated
Read MoreWorld Population Distribution and Density
Global Population Distribution
Global surface area: 510,000,000 km2
- Land: 150,000,000 km2 (30%)
- Water: 360,000,000 km2 (70%)
Ecumene (habitable land): 13,000,000 km2
Anecumenes: 20,000,000 km2
World population: 6,700,000,000 inhabitants.
Hemispheric Distribution
- Northern Hemisphere: 60% water, 40% land. Contains 85% to 90% of the world’s population.
- Southern Hemisphere (Oceanic Hemisphere): 83% water, 17% land. Contains 10% to 15% of the global population.
The unequal distribution of land inevitably generates
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