Global Habitats: Cities, Ecosystems, and Population Dynamics
Human Habitats and Settlements
Understanding Human Habitat
Humans live in environments that they adapt and transform to suit their needs. This adapted environment is what we call a habitat.
Factors Facilitating Settlements
Natural Factors
- Moderate climate
- Access to river water
- Easy communications
Human Factors
- Organization into groups
- Ecological development
Phases of Human Settlements
Hunter-Gatherers
Around 8000 BC, early humans were nomadic and unstable. They lived in small, loosely organized groups, inhabiting
Ancient Iberian Peninsula: Peoples, Empires, and Transformations
Carthage and the Punic Wars
Carthage, a Phoenician colony founded around 820 BC in present-day Tunisia, gradually imposed its rule over the ancient Phoenician colonies of the western Mediterranean. Its troubled history led to conflict with Rome, with whom Carthage fought three major wars:
- First Punic War (264-241 BC)
- Second Punic War (218-201 BC)
- Third Punic War (149-146 BC), which led to Carthage’s destruction.
Roman Hispania: Conquest and Administration
Hispania was the name the Romans gave to the peninsula
Read MoreSustainable Water Management: Past, Present, and Future
Comparing Past and Future Water Resource Management
Traditional water management focuses on increasing supply to meet growing demands driven by population and economic growth. This approach often overlooks the self-regulatory capacity of water systems. In contrast, sustainable water management, from a sustainability perspective, aims to prevent overfishing and pollution. It may involve adjusting economic growth rates and controlling population growth to align with the carrying capacity of water resources.
Read MoreThe Rise and Fall of Islamic Spain: Al-Andalus Legacy
The Foundations of Islam
Islam is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Arabian Peninsula. It is based on the Quran, its holy book, which conveys the fundamental belief: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet.” The Quran was dictated by Allah to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel.
The Muslim Conquest of Iberia
In the 7th century, Muslims initiated an expansion from the Middle East, moving south and across North Africa, eventually reaching the Atlantic Ocean. Concurrently,
Read MoreIndia’s Historical Events, Economic Principles, and Governance Structures
Key Historical Events in India
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
On April 13, 1919, British General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on a peaceful gathering of Indians at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. This brutal act killed hundreds and wounded many, marking a significant turning point in the Indian struggle for independence, leading to widespread outrage and protests.
The Chauri-Chaura Incident
The Chauri-Chaura Incident occurred on February 5, 1922, when a crowd of nonviolent protesters clashed with
Read MoreSustainable Agriculture & Bioeconomy: Key Terms and Project Insights
Agricultural & Bioeconomy Glossary
Hubs
Hubs: Central points or areas where certain activities or resources are concentrated. Centros o núcleos
Kegging
Kegging: The process of transferring and storing beverages in a keg, a pressurized container often used for serving drinks on tap. Barrilado
Kernel
Kernel: Part of a plant used for propagation. Grano, semilla
Landfill
Landfill: A place where waste is disposed of by burying it, in order to control environmental impacts. Vertedero
Leachate
Leachate: Liquid
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