Industrial Revolution: Technological Foundations in England

Technological Foundations of the Industrial Revolution: England

England is the country where the Industrial Revolution started, and the successive stages can be seen more clearly there. Since the sixteenth century, an era of economic development based on international trade began. The growth of London encouraged agriculture and industry. Since the mid-eighteenth century, several converging phenomena occurred simultaneously: population growth, agricultural revolution, the mass production demands new

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Spanish Urban System: Characteristics, Changes, and Relations

Characteristics of the Spanish Urban System

The Spanish urban system is a set of interrelated cities. Key characteristics include:

Size

The size of cities generally follows the rank-size rule. The largest demographic category consists of 15 urban agglomerations exceeding 500,000 inhabitants. Following these, there are numerous cities with populations between 150,000 and 400,000, reflecting recent growth in mid-sized cities. Devolution has contributed to this territorial distribution.

Location

Most major

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Population Pyramid and City Map Analysis

How to Analyze a Population Pyramid

Sex Structure

  • Note the numerical superiority of males at birth.
  • Identify the age at which the sexes are numerically equal.
  • Observe the final predominance of elderly women.
  • Explain the causes of the increased life expectancy of women (biological factors, less exposure to risk factors, etc.).

Age Structure

  • Calculate the percentages of young people (0-14), adults (15-64), and the elderly (65+).
  • Analyze the shape of the pyramid:
    • Triangular (e.g., Spain in 1900): Indicates
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Navarre Population: Distribution, Evolution, and Trends

Navarre Population: Distribution and Evolution

Population Distribution in Navarre

Distribution: Navarre had a population of 646,000 inhabitants in 2008, with a density of 62.17 inhabitants per km2, which is less than the Spanish average. The population of Navarre represents a smaller proportion of the state’s total population than its land area. Its demographic weight has decreased since 1900. Navarre’s population density is similar to La Rioja and Aragon but significantly lower than the Basque Country.

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European Agriculture: Characteristics, Landscapes, and Factors

Characteristics of Agricultural Activity

Key characteristics of agricultural activity include:

  • A relatively small population is employed in agriculture, although this varies. The low numbers in Western countries contrast with higher numbers in Eastern and Southern countries. This reflects the varying levels of industrialization.
  • Production techniques vary. Western Europe utilizes modern techniques, including mechanization, fertilizers, and genetic selection, leading to high-intensity agriculture. Many
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Industrial and Agricultural Sectors: Impact and Sustainability

Industrial Sites Worldwide

Factors of Industrial Location

Factors explaining the location of industries in a region include natural resources, the labor market, and the market itself.

  • Availability of Resources: Historically, the availability of resources conditioned the location of industries. This has been overcome thanks to the emergence and development of transport systems, such as ships and rail.
  • Workforce: Industries have tended to be located near residential centers. The creation of industrial
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