Understanding Different Farming and Agricultural Practices

Organic Farming

Organic farming relies on natural systems for production, *without* the use of synthetic chemicals. Soils are decontaminated for two years and then fertilized using organic fertilizers. Crop rotation is employed to prevent soil erosion, and natural systems are used to control pests. Organic products are healthier but more expensive, and demand is still relatively weak. However, the area devoted to organic farming is growing.

Extensive Agriculture

Extensive agriculture requires large

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Seahorse Reproduction, Marsupials, and Population Dynamics

Seahorse Reproduction and Marsupial Development

The male seahorse has a pouch on its lower body near the tail where the female deposits eggs. The eggs remain there until the offspring hatch. Emerging seahorses are similar to marsupials, whose young are undeveloped at birth and complete their development in a pouch called a marsupium. Within this pouch, they can reach the mammary gland without leaving the shelter.

Behavioral Adaptations

Behavioral changes consist of organisms adjusting their behavior

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Population Distribution: Factors, MEDC vs LEDC

LEDC vs MEDC: Births, Mortality, and Solutions

LEDCSituationReasonsConsequencesSolutions
Births
  • No family planning programmes
  • No medical advances
  • Need for large families for child labor
High birth rate
  • Children don’t attend school
  • Low literacy rate
  • Very poor living conditions: insufficient food, poor health
  • Developed countries should contribute to their economies
  • Increased education
Mortality
  • Medical advances are improving
  • Better hygiene and food
  • Increased access to clean water
Decreasing death rateOverpopulation
  • Family
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Urban Spaces and City Systems: Industrialization Impact

The Industrial City

Endorrecament of walls.

Bourgeois Eixample

Space again, new objectives: health. Creation: lower quality, regular map, you bourgeois residential (first and Madrid). With time modifications, densified plot, building verticalized, tertiary functions.

Worker Neighborhoods

Industrial installations and migration of workers into industrial cities. Creation: disorganized map, dense and closed plot, poor quality housing. Only the industrial center is now located in the periphery of residential

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Urban Development and City Systems in Spain

Spanish Urban Hierarchy Model

Spanish urban areas are divided into:

  • National Global Metropolis: Madrid and Barcelona function as centers, concentrating population, institutions, and a large network.
  • Regional Metropolis: Valencia, Seville, and Malaga serve extensive regions with good communication.
  • Subregional Metropolises: These are small metropolitan areas, like Murcia and Valladolid, that have specialized services such as hospitals or universities.
  • Medium Cities: Play an administrative role for the
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Spain’s Landscapes: Oceanic, Mediterranean, Subtropical & Mountain

Oceanic Landscape of Spain

The Oceanic landscape is located in the north and northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, an area known as “wet Spain”.

  • Relief: Characterized by several mountain ranges. The coast is rugged and rocky.
  • Rivers: Short, abundant, and with a regular flow.
  • Climate: Oceanic, with mild winters and cool summers. Rainfall is abundant throughout the year.
  • Vegetation: Consists of deciduous forests, moors, and meadows.
  • Fauna: Includes animals like deer, wolves, and wild cats.

Mediterranean Coastal

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