Society and Mindset in Spain: Education 1875-1903

Society and Mindset in Spain: Education (1875-1903)

Society was very polarized between a small group of privileged people, known as the Oligarchy, and a large impoverished mass. The middle classes were numerically small. The financial and landowning oligarchy, owners of land and bank capital, saw a merging of old and new nobility. The old nobility, in decline due to the effects of the Liberal Revolution, sought to solve their problems through marriage with the newly rich to ensure survival. These

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Islam: History, Culture, and Societal Impact

Daily Islamic Practices

Daily Islamic practices include:

  • Believing in one God.
  • Praying to Mecca five times a day.

Once in a lifetime:

  • Pilgrimage to Mecca.

For one month a year:

  • Fasting from dawn until sunset (Ramadan).

Byzantine Emperor Before Muhammad’s Birth

The Byzantine Emperor who ruled a few years before the birth of Muhammad was Justinian the Great.

People in the Iberian Peninsula in the 6th Century

The Visigoths established a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula in the 6th century.

Muhammad’s Flight from

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Medieval Europe: Trade, Society, and Politics

Definitions

Hansa

The Hansa was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe. Growing from a few North German towns in the late 12th century, the league came to dominate Baltic maritime trade for three centuries along the coasts of Northern Europe. Hansa territories stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages and diminished slowly after 1450. Key cities included Lübeck and Hamburg.

Bills of Exchange

Bills

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Spain’s Economic Transformation & Social Shifts 1959-1975

Spain’s Economic Transformation and Social Shifts (1959-1975)

Developmentalism: Spain’s Economic Miracle

Spain went from a struggling nation to the tenth-largest industrial power after a decade of 7% annual growth. This period is often referred to as the “Spanish Miracle.”

Stabilization Plan and Economic Growth Factors

Change in Economic Policy: Stabilization Plan (1959)

  • Devaluation of the peseta (lost half its value against the U.S. dollar)
  • Public spending cuts
  • Liberalization of markets: abolition of
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Demographics and Resources of Europe

Birth Rate in Europe: Europe has the lowest birth rate among all continents, at only 14%. This means 14 children are born per year for every 1000 inhabitants.

Causes: Use of contraceptive methods, integration of women in the workforce, and materialistic views.

Mortality in Europe: The mortality rate in Europe is 10%, meaning 10 people die per year per 1000 inhabitants.

Causes: Degenerative diseases (cancer), chronic diseases (diabetes), cardiac issues, and accidents.

Vegetative Growth in Europe: Europe’

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Understanding the Primary Sector: Agriculture to Fishing

Primary Sector Activities

The primary sector encompasses activities that involve the extraction and utilization of natural resources. These include agriculture, livestock farming, forestry, fishing, and mining.

Agricultural Space

Agricultural space emerges when humans modify the natural environment to cultivate crops and raise livestock. Several factors influence this space:

Physical Factors

  • Climate: Temperature, precipitation, and adverse atmospheric agents play a crucial role.
  • Relief: Sunny and shaded
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