Rise of Industrial Capitalism and the Labor Movement
The Dawn of Industrialization
Demographic and Agricultural Revolutions
From the mid-18th century, Europe experienced a population surge, rising from 140 million in 1750 to 266 million by 1850. This growth, particularly pronounced in Britain, fueled demand for food, leading to agricultural innovations. Land privatization and new cultivation techniques, such as the Norfolk system, increased productivity. The introduction of new crops like potatoes and maize diversified diets.
Technological Advancements
Technological
Read MoreSociety, Enlightenment, and Trade in 18th Century Europe
Estamental Society in the Old Regime
The Old Regime society was divided into estates. The nobility and clergy were the privileged classes, and the rest of society had no privileges.
The Privileged Classes
The Nobility: Belonged to the nobility by birth, although the King granted titles as payment for services. The nobility possessed lands on which rents were paid and could not be jailed or subjected to judicial processes. They were subjected to the King’s jurisdiction.
The Clergy: Possessed wealth,
Read MoreUrban Concepts: Metropolitan Areas, City Planning, and Urban Forms
Metropolitan Area
A highly urbanized area including a central city and its surrounding peripheral zone, incorporating satellite towns. It’s characterized by interconnected urban functions and daily commuting. Examples include Madrid, Seville, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, Zaragoza, and Malaga.
Peri-urban Area
The area immediately surrounding cities, with a mix of rural and urban uses. It houses a growing number of commuters and results from urban expansion, typically extending 15-50 km from the city.
Read MorePrimary Sector Activities: Farming, Livestock, Forestry & Fishing
1. Factors Influencing Agriculture: People farm almost everywhere. Physical factors determine farming ease or difficulty. Historically crucial, now humans create technical solutions.
Climate: Extreme weather hinders farming. Greenhouses offer controlled environments.
Terrain: Altitude and flatness impact farming. Plains and valleys are common; terraces are used on slopes.
Soil: Texture and composition dictate crop suitability. Humans can adjust conditions or use artificial soil.
2. Agrarian Landscapes:
Read MorePatagonia: A Geographical and Economic Study
Patagonia: Population Distribution and Economic Activities
The Irrigated Valleys of Patagonia
5) The Patagonia area irrigated by the Black River and the two rivers that form it, the Neuquén and Limay Rivers, is the most populous region of Patagonia. This river has a wide valley with high walls that create a more humid area, where various agricultural oases have developed. The oasis is growing due to large fruit plantations established by large companies and foreign capital using modern production
Read MorePopulation Growth Trends in Spain: 1960-2001 Analysis
Option C / F
2. Analyze the maps that follow and answer the following questions:
a) In the decade from 1960 to 1970, which provinces had a population increase of more than 25%?
Which annual ‰ was between 15 and 24.99%? Please differentiate each group and list them.
Increasing Population + 25% per annum (Provinces): Guipúzcoa, Vizcaya, Álava,
Barcelona, Alicante, Madrid, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
Increasing Population 15% to 24.99% (Provinces): Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Valencia,
Palma de Mallorca,
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