Population Age Structures: Analysis and Impacts

Demography: Analyzing Population Age Structures

What is the age structure of a population? How do demographers analyze age structure? What are the general differences in the age structure of poor countries compared to the age structure of Canada? What are the social and/or economic implications of these differences? Explain.

The age structure of a population is the breakdown of the population into age (and sex) cohorts. Geographers use population pyramids to analyze age structure. Three broad cohorts

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The Enlightenment and its Impact on Spain

Key Principles of the Enlightenment

  • Reason: The belief that human rationality could illuminate darkness and societal errors. It was the way to overcome biased notions and religious dogmas.
  • Progress: The development of knowledge allowed civilizations to dominate nature and create wealth and well-being.
  • Happiness: An individual right and a societal aspiration that rulers were obliged to seek.

Enlightenment Truths

  1. The Enlightenment was mostly a reformist movement. True
  2. The Enlightenment led to scientific
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Industrial Revolution: Origins and Expansion

Origins of the Industrial Revolution

Pre-industrial societies faced significant limitations, leading to economic, nutritional, and demographic stagnation. Subsistence agriculture and craft industries predominated. Transport and trade were slow, hampered by customs. In 18th-century Lancashire, a British region experienced a process of industrial concentration with the creation of new industries. This process is known as the *Industrial Revolution* in Britain. The development of modern industry was

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Forest Products, Agriculture, and Farming Practices

Forest Products and Their Properties

Forests provide a variety of valuable products:

  • Camphor: A white, crystalline substance with a pungent odor, extracted by distilling the wood of the camphor tree. It is used in medicine and cosmetics.
  • Rubber: An elastic and waterproof substance obtained from the sap of the rubber tree. It is strategically important and primarily used for manufacturing tires.
  • Cork: Thick sheets obtained from the bark of the cork oak tree. It is mainly used in manufacturing stoppers
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Biogeographic Regions & Demographic Shifts in Spain

Biogeographic Regions of Spain

Based on lithology and climate, Spain has three distinct biogeographic regions:

  • Eurosiberian: Located in northern Spain, characterized by an Atlantic climate with soft rains.
  • Mediterranean: Covering the rest of the peninsula, featuring a Mediterranean climate with long, dry summers.
  • Macaronesian: Includes the Canary Islands, known for a high number of endemic species.

Main Vegetation Types

  • Deciduous Forest and Heathland:
    • Characterized by tall trees with straight trunks and
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Geography of Spain: Relief, Soil, and Location

Geographical Location of Spain

Spain is a European country located in the northern temperate hemisphere. The Spanish state comprises the following areas:

  • The majority of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, positioned away from the center of the continent. Its natural boundaries are the Bay of Biscay and the Pyrenees to the north, the Strait of Gibraltar to the south, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
  • The Balearic Islands, located in the Mediterranean Sea,
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