Agricultural and Rural Terminology: Definitions and Concepts
Vocabulary
Economic and Trade Terms
- Tariff Barrier: Taxes imposed on importers and exporters for customs entry or exit of goods.
- Confiscation: A process where economic goods in mortmain become inalienable or go to public procurement.
- Protectionism: An economic policy protecting domestic products by imposing restrictions or tariffs on foreign imports.
- Productivity: The ratio of output produced by a production system and the resources used.
- Structural Funds: Financial instruments from the European Commission
North American Revolution: Independence and the Rise of the United States
5.1 The North American Revolution and the Rise of the United StatesThe rebellion of Britain’s North American colonies was the first bourgeois revolution, preceding others (e.g., the French Revolution, the revolutions in Spain’s American colonies). Its importance lies in being the first real-world implementation of a liberal political organization based on Enlightenment ideals.
The 13 Colonies Before the RevolutionIn the mid-18th century, Great Britain had 13 colonies on the North American Atlantic
Read MoreSpain’s Economy: Agriculture, Industry, and Tourism
Spain’s Economy: A Comprehensive Overview
What is Economics?
Economics deals with managing existing resources to meet individual and group needs. The term originates from the Greek words oikos (house) and nomeia (science), meaning “domestic science.”
What is a Plot (in Agriculture)?
In agriculture, a plot is a basic unit of land. Plots vary in size—small (<1 hectare), medium (1-10 hectares), and large (>10 hectares)—and shape—regular (geometric) and irregular (non-geometric). Boundaries
Read MoreArgentina’s Non-Native Population: Composition, Distribution, and Policy
The non-native population: a country’s origin composition distinguishes between native and non-native populations. Also called foreign, these populations can be considered migrants. Migration is a special form of geographical mobility; a dynamic and complex process involving the territorial movement of people from one place to another. It is generally understood as movement between two countries, not internal movements within a state.
Since the 1990s, migration has taken on new characteristics.
Read MoreSpain’s Agricultural Landscapes: A Regional Overview
Atlantic Agricultural Landscape (Wet Spain)
Location
Northern and northwestern Iberian Peninsula, 20% of Spanish territory.
Natural Factors
Mountainous terrain, Atlantic climate, deciduous forests, and grasslands (70% of the surface).
Settlement
Widely dispersed. Historically, low farm incomes led to emigration, resulting in an aging population. Small, dispersed landholdings (smallholders) hinder profitability and mechanization. Land consolidation initiatives aim to address this.
Land Use
Agriculture
Occupies
Read MoreRegion of Murcia: Mediterranean Affinity and Unique Location
Chapter 1: Distinctive Features of Murcia
Mediterranean Affinity
- Morphoestructural Traits: Tertiary orogenic (Alpine range) education.
- Climatic Features: Warm temperate latitude (no thermal winters, hot summers, negative water balance).
- Settlement: Diverse cultures and ethnic groups common throughout the Mediterranean.
- Landscape: Combination of structural features, climate, and human occupation.
- Culture: Linked to agricultural and commercial activities (religiosity and tolerance).
Uniqueness of Location
- Eastern