The Enlightenment and its Impact on Spain
Key Principles of the Enlightenment
- Reason: The belief that human rationality could illuminate darkness and societal errors. It was the way to overcome biased notions and religious dogmas.
- Progress: The development of knowledge allowed civilizations to dominate nature and create wealth and well-being.
- Happiness: An individual right and a societal aspiration that rulers were obliged to seek.
Enlightenment Truths
- The Enlightenment was mostly a reformist movement. True
- The Enlightenment led to scientific
Industrial Revolution: Origins and Expansion
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
Pre-industrial societies faced significant limitations, leading to economic, nutritional, and demographic stagnation. Subsistence agriculture and craft industries predominated. Transport and trade were slow, hampered by customs. In 18th-century Lancashire, a British region experienced a process of industrial concentration with the creation of new industries. This process is known as the *Industrial Revolution* in Britain. The development of modern industry was
Read MoreForest Products, Agriculture, and Farming Practices
Forest Products and Their Properties
Forests provide a variety of valuable products:
- Camphor: A white, crystalline substance with a pungent odor, extracted by distilling the wood of the camphor tree. It is used in medicine and cosmetics.
- Rubber: An elastic and waterproof substance obtained from the sap of the rubber tree. It is strategically important and primarily used for manufacturing tires.
- Cork: Thick sheets obtained from the bark of the cork oak tree. It is mainly used in manufacturing stoppers
Biogeographic Regions & Demographic Shifts in Spain
Biogeographic Regions of Spain
Based on lithology and climate, Spain has three distinct biogeographic regions:
- Eurosiberian: Located in northern Spain, characterized by an Atlantic climate with soft rains.
- Mediterranean: Covering the rest of the peninsula, featuring a Mediterranean climate with long, dry summers.
- Macaronesian: Includes the Canary Islands, known for a high number of endemic species.
Main Vegetation Types
- Deciduous Forest and Heathland:
- Characterized by tall trees with straight trunks and
Geography of Spain: Relief, Soil, and Location
Geographical Location of Spain
Spain is a European country located in the northern temperate hemisphere. The Spanish state comprises the following areas:
- The majority of the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, positioned away from the center of the continent. Its natural boundaries are the Bay of Biscay and the Pyrenees to the north, the Strait of Gibraltar to the south, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
- The Balearic Islands, located in the Mediterranean Sea,
Geography Glossary: Key Terms and Definitions
Annual Rainfall Patterns
Annual rainfall patterns are a set of changes experienced by rainfall throughout the year. They may be regular when there are no dry months, or irregular with more than two dry months.
Industrial Restructuring
Industrial restructuring is a shock treatment acting intensively in a short period, applying necessary reforms to adapt to new industries’ technological cycles and market competitive conditions. Actions are based on matching supply to demand, financial restructuring of
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