Industrial Policies, Tourism, and Urban Systems in Spain
Industrial Policies
The administration faced major challenges regarding industrial policies. Different types of industrial policies were implemented, such as the “poles of development” policy during the 1970s, which led to rapid industrial growth but also caused significant imbalances. The government promoted industry, and location policy was guided by the “desarrollo” poles. Two types of poles can be distinguished based on their location:
- Poles located in cities near main industrial sources to channel
Spain’s 19th Century Economic Transformation: Agriculture, Industry & Railroad
1. Economic Transformation
The economies of some European countries transformed during the nineteenth century. Mechanization and energy use changed production, consolidating private ownership. Spain experienced major economic changes but did not fully industrialize. Domestic demand for industrial products was self-sufficient. There were two stages: a stagnant economy until 1840 and slow growth from 1840 onward.
2. Confiscation Process and Agricultural Change
In the old system, land purchase and sale
Read MoreSpanish Catchment Basins: Topography, Rivers, and Rainfall Patterns
Catchment Basins and Features
A whole basin slope catchments discharging into the sea itself. Spain has three sides:
a. Cantabrian
Location: Situated north of the peninsula. Rivers include the Basque, Cantabria, and Galicia, occupying approximately 5% of the peninsula.
Features:
- Length: Short rivers, most originating in the Cantabrian Mountains and flowing into the Cantabrian Sea. Galician rivers are longer, flowing into the Atlantic. The short distance between the headwaters and the mouth results in
The Iron Age: A Comprehensive Look at Its Development
Iron Age: Towards the Middle Bronze Age, increasing amounts of cast iron objects began to appear in Anatolia, Mesopotamia, the Indian subcontinent, the Levant, the Mediterranean coast, and Egypt. These objects are distinguishable from meteoric iron by the absence of nickel. In some places, their use seems to have been ceremonial, and iron metal was expensive, much more than gold. Some sources suggest that iron was produced in parts as a byproduct of the copper production process, and it was not
Read MoreIndia’s Corporate Globalization: Acquisitions and Talent
Globalization of Indian Companies
Swaminathan Aiyar
Both private companies and the Indian government have embarked upon the conquest of foreign companies. While the largest mergers and acquisitions tend to occur in capital-intensive sectors such as steel and oil, the purchases occurred in all fields.
Having begun as a goal of globalization, India is now turning other countries into their own objectives. Nothing demonstrates this better than the tender offer in November 2006, launched by Tata Steel
Read MoreAgricultural Transformation in Spain: From Subsistence to Market Economy
From Subsistence to Market Economy
The shift towards a market economy in agriculture involved the use of new techniques like three-year crop rotation, leading to increased production and access to food for a growing population. Large landowners gained more revenue, investing capital into industry. An increasing part of the agricultural sector became integrated into the market economy. Farmers aimed to maximize profit, specializing in specific crops and purchasing industrial goods like machinery,
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