Spain’s Service Economy and Transportation System
Spain’s Service Economy
The tertiary sector comprises activities designed to provide services to society. It is a heterogeneous sector that includes activities that are neither primary nor secondary. The causes of its growth are:
- Increasing living standards: Higher family income and purchasing power.
- Industry: Outsourcing and industrial development, especially since the 1960s, have boosted services like transport and finance.
- Rise in tourism: This has spurred growth in catering, trade, and transport.
Commercial Agriculture and Industrial Revolution in 19th-Century Spain
Advances in Commercial Agriculture
From the second half of the nineteenth century, agriculture oriented toward marketing was gradually imposed on the Mediterranean coast, driven by the export market. The cultivation of vines, citrus fruit, rice, and sugar cane was widespread during this period, alongside other products with less widespread cultivation, such as fruits, olives, and esparto. The vineyard, a traditional crop, experienced significant growth from the late nineteenth century. Between 1850
Read MoreSecond Industrial Revolution: Energy, Transport, and Imperialism
The Second Industrial Revolution: New Energy Sources and Industries
The Second Industrial Revolution saw the rise of new energy sources, such as electricity and oil, replacing steam and coal. Electrical energy proved to be clean, easily adaptable to machinery, transportable over long distances, and economical. It found applications in communications, industry, illumination, leisure, and transportation. Oil was utilized for lighting, heating, and transportation.
The collaboration between companies
Read MoreIndustrial Revolution: From Agriculture to Capitalism
Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution was a series of changes in agriculture that made possible a significant increase in food production, allowing the survival of a rapidly growing population. Three major agricultural innovations were changes in the cropping system, the introduction of new machines, and a new ownership structure. The Norfolk crop rotation system allowed for the suppression of fallow land. Turnips, clover, and alfalfa helped fix nitrogen in the soil, and increased forage
Read MorePrimary Sector: Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries
The Primary Sector
The primary sector includes activities related to procurement and food production, namely agriculture, livestock, and fisheries. It also includes some raw material exploitation.
Factors Influencing Agriculture
- The weather: Each crop requires specific climatic conditions, temperature, and humidity for its development.
- The relief: Typically located on flats or the bottoms of wider valleys. This is because slopes significantly hamper work and can prevent mechanization.
- Soil: Not all soils
The Old Regime and the Enlightenment: 18th Century Europe
The Old Regime
The second half of the eighteenth century in England produced a series of transformations that had its main agent in the Watt steam engine, which, incorporated into the textile industry and later the steel industry, allowed a number of economic and social transformations to be extended to the rest of Western Europe. The changes meant the transformation of societies of the Old Regime, based on agriculture, into contemporary industrial societies. It is the beginning of capitalism.