International Division of Labor & Second Industrial Revolution
The International Division of Labor
This period is characterized by a profound transformation of the global market for manufactures and agricultural products resulting from the addition of new suppliers and technological advances.
1. Agriculture
- Northwest Europe: Germany, Scandinavia, and France. The traditional agricultural sector entered a deep crisis. These countries were subjected to an external supply of grain cheaper than what they produced. Each country adopted a different measure:
- Great Britain:
Spanish Population’s Demographic Regimes
Demographic Regimes
In the evolution of the natural movement of the Spanish population, various stages or demographic regimes are distinguished, along which birth rates, death rates, and natural growth present homogeneous features. These stages include the old demographic regime, the demographic transition, and the modern regime. The demographic transition in Spain occurred later than in other European countries.
The Old Demographic Regime: Until the Early 20th Century
It is characterized by high birth
Read MoreGeography and Environment Glossary
G
Thermal Gradient: The rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude. It is expressed in ยบ x 100 m.
Garriga: A secondary type of plant formation in the Mediterranean area on calcareous soils where the original forest has been destroyed. It consists of low scrub, thyme, rosemary, etc.
Livestock: A primary sector activity involving the breeding of animals (intestinal system, extended or mixed) to supply the market with meat, milk, and derivatives.
Globalization: The process of global
Read MoreUnderstanding Urban and Rural Settlements: Key Concepts
The Urban Settlement
The urban settlement is the result of a process of population concentration in cities. The growth of cities leads to the formation of a metropolitan area, comprised of a central core (the metropolitan area itself) and surrounding urban areas.
A conurbation originates when two nearby towns unite to form a single entity. A megalopolis is the result of the union of several conurbations.
City Functions
Cities serve various functions, including:
- Residential
- Commercial
- Industrial
- Political
UK: Geography, Food, and Newspapers
Geography of the United Kingdom
Scotland
- Capital: Edinburgh
- Mountains: Ben Nevis (1344m), Ben Macdui (1309m) (Munro)
- Rivers: Tay (117 miles), Spey (107 miles), and Clyde (106 miles)
Wales
- Capital: Cardiff
- Mountains: Snowdon (1085m), Carnedd Llewelyn (1064m)
- Rivers: Severn (220 miles), Wye (135 miles), Teme (81 miles) (shared with England)
England
- Capital: London
- Mountains: Scafell Pike (978m) (Lake District National Park), Helvellyn (950m) (Lake District)
- Rivers: Thames (215 miles), Trent (185 miles), Great
Spanish Emigration: History and Impact
Migration is critical to understanding real population growth. Emigration refers to the departure of people from their place of origin. The arrival of a population to a destination (immigration) promotes natural growth, increasing the birth rate and reducing mortality. The balance of emigration and immigration is called the net migration.
Spanish population mobility has been significant, with movements to other countries in Africa, America, and Europe. More recently, internal migration within Spain,
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