Earth’s Climate, Weather, and Political Systems

Earth’s Climate and Weather

The sun is the main source of energy on land.

The atmosphere is the gaseous layer surrounding the Earth, mostly composed of nitrogen and oxygen.

The Elements of Weather

  • Temperature: Reflects the amount of heat in the atmosphere.
  • Precipitation: Water from the atmosphere that falls to the surface as rain, hail, or snow.
  • Humidity: The quantity of water vapor in the air.
  • Atmospheric Pressure: The weight of the atmosphere at a given point on Earth. Measured with a barometer.
  • Wind:
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Deforestation, Biodiversity Loss, and Sustainable Development

Deforestation and Its Impact

Deforestation, the large-scale destruction of forest formations due to human intervention, leads to the degradation and loss of quality in forest ecosystems. Approximately 50% of the world’s forest areas have already been cleared. Tropical forests are particularly affected, losing about 1% of their total area annually.

The primary driver of this regression is the pursuit of short-term profits by southern countries through timber sales to wealthier nations. Forest degradation

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The Industrial Revolution: Population, Agriculture, and Innovation

1. Population Growth: The 18th century saw a tremendous population increase, providing both cheap labor and a growing consumer base. The population of England and Wales rose from approximately 6 million in the 17th century to 9 million by 1801, a 50% increase. While improvements in healthcare, such as hospitals and medical advancements, contributed to a lower death rate, the lack of antiseptics and anesthetics meant hospitals remained dangerous due to infection risks. Therefore, the primary driver

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Understanding the British Empire’s Expansion and Impact

UNIT 2: The British Empire

Introduction

The international currency was the Pound Sterling, and London City was the economic capital. Psychological impacts on the British were the success due to sobriety, individual effort, and better or higher moral principles. Britain was divided into two: Englishmen and the rest of the world. The Edwardian Era marked the beginning of the end of the Empire. Threats facing it included other empires such as Germany and the United States, revolts throughout the rest

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Global Poverty and Resource Allocation Analysis

Global Poverty and Resource Allocation

Areas with Most and Least People Living on Less Than $1 a Day

Most: South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, East Asia and Pacific.

Least: Europe and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa.

Analysis of Percentage Changes

Most regions have improved wages, reduced food costs, or implemented economic aid programs. However, one region experienced a worsening situation.

Future Predictions

As fossil fuels deplete, countries with abundant natural resources will

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Ancient Regime Crisis: Causes and Impact

The Crisis of the Ancient Regime

The Ancient Regime was the political and social system in Europe during the Early Modern times. It was characterized by:

  • Absolute monarchy as the main form of government.
  • A social system based on privileges.
  • An agrarian economy.

However, the development of manufacturing and long-distance trade benefited the bourgeoisie, making them the wealthiest social group. The expansion of the bourgeoisie clashed with the old political and social order: the aristocratic way of life

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