Al-Andalus Culture and the Christian Resistance in Medieval Iberia
Al-Andalus: Thought and Lyrics
The culture became important among Muslims with the contribution of Asian books. Medical knowledge, astronomy, and philosophy were a foretaste of what the 10th-century Muslim culture would become. During this century, there was a soaring cultural index in the Peninsula. Hispano-Muslim culture was the basis of all medieval European culture, with the exception of religion. Emphasized: mathematics, especially algebra; medicine, with the most important work being a compendium
Read MoreTertiary Sector: Services, Healthcare, and Education
The Tertiary Sector: An Overview
1. The Tertiary Sector
The tertiary sector encompasses a wide array of activities, including facilitating the flow of goods, people, services, and information. It also involves financing economic activities, training and educating workers, providing healthcare, and supplying leisure products. This sector has experienced significant growth due to shifts in industrialized societies over the past fifty years, allowing labor to move from farming and manufacturing. This
Read MoreCapitalism vs. State-Planned Economies & Migration Impact
Advantages of Capitalism
- Economic Efficiency: Free competition encourages businesses to maintain profits by reducing costs, improving quality, and enhancing design.
- Private Property: Individuals have the freedom to make economic decisions as producers, owners (investment decisions), and consumers (purchasing choices).
Inconveniences of Capitalism
- Exhaustion of the planet’s natural resources.
- Introduction of numerous toxic elements into everyday products (to increase sales or reduce costs).
- Emission of
Spain’s Political and Economic Landscape in the 19th Century
Spain’s Political History in the 19th Century
The Democratic Sexenio (1868-1874)
The democratic period of Spain’s 19th-century political history is divided into several phases:
- Revolutionary and Constitutional: The Constitution of 1869, the first democratic constitution in Spanish history, established universal male suffrage. The monarchy was ultimately chosen as the form of government.
- The Search for a King: After a search, Amadeus of Savoy was chosen as king.
- The Democratic Monarchy of Amadeus I: Amadeus
Muslim Rule and Christian Kingdoms in Medieval Aragon
Muslim Conquest and Rule in Aragon
In 714, Muslims, led by Musa, arrived in Aragon. They occupied the Ebro valley without much resistance. In the following years, they conquered the rest of the current mountainous region of Aragon, demanding tribute and controlling the mountain passes. Only Huesca offered significant resistance.
Territorial Organization
The territory was divided into three provinces or marks:
- Upper Mark – Zaragoza (most of Aragon)
- Middle Mark – Toledo (area of Teruel and Albarracín)
Medieval Spain: Society, Culture, and Literature (6th-15th Centuries)
Literature in the Middle Ages
What Language Was Literature Written in During the Middle Ages?
Primarily in Latin.
What Are the First Literary Works Preserved in Romance Languages?
The jarchas.
What Is the Subject of Jarchas?
They are typically love songs.
With What Other Early Lyric Poems Do Jarchas Share This Theme?
They share similarities with the cantigas de amigo (songs of my friend) in Galician-Portuguese and some Castilian villancicos.
What Type of Poetry Developed During the 15th Century?
A significant
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