Mexican Agriculture: A Sector in Crisis

Third Assessment

1. Branches of the Agricultural Sector

Agriculture: The cultivation or farming of plants to meet human needs. Principal activities include site preparation, ground cleaning, plowing, seeding, cultivation, harvesting, transport, and storage.

Livestock: Raising livestock for sale or exploitation of derived products like meat, milk, and skin. Examples include cattle and swine.

Forestry: The responsible exploitation and conservation of forest resources such as wood, resin, and gum.

Fishing:

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Key Concepts in Geography, Geopolitics, and the European Union

Geography

Scale

The relationship between map dimensions and real-world dimensions. For example, 1:100,000 means one inch on the map represents one kilometer in reality. Larger scales represent larger areas. Topographic maps often use a scale of 1:50,000.

Latitude

The angular distance between a point on Earth and the Equator, measured in degrees (0-90) north or south. It’s determined using parallels (imaginary lines parallel to the Equator).

Longitude

The angle between a meridian plane and the prime meridian

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Social Stratification: From Feudalism to Industrial Classes

1. From Society to Class-Stratified Society

1.1 The Rise of Privileged Classes

The new laws imposed legal equality on citizens, requiring them to pay taxes, be judged by the same laws, and have equal political rights. Citizenship became a legal status. Differences arose primarily from wealth. The abolition of special legislation favoring the nobility caused them to lose some privileges, but they retained importance by integrating into the new ruling class. The clergy’s economic power decreased significantly,

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Medieval Europe: Society, Religion, and the Rise of Feudalism

The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages spanned from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD) to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 AD.

Late Antiquity (3rd-8th Centuries)

Economic: Slave mode of production transitioned to feudal mode of production.
Political: Centralized empire structure shifted to a dispersion of power.
Ideological-Cultural: Theocentric ideology (Christian or Islamic).

Barbarian Invasions

Displacement, both peaceful and violent, of Huns and Germanic peoples into the Western Roman Empire.

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Demographic and Agricultural Shifts: Catalysts of the First Industrial Revolution

1. Factors

The story begins with two significant changes in demography and agriculture.

Demographic Revolution

Under the old regime, the ‘old demographic cycle’ was characterized by:

  • A high birth rate offset by a high mortality rate, resulting in slow and limited growth.
  • Catastrophic mortality caused by wars, famine, and epidemics.
  • Strikingly high child mortality.

These patterns, initially observed in England and later in France, Belgium, and some northern German states, began to change. The birth rate

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Natural Environment, Democracy, Landscapes, Industry: Key Concepts

Natural Environment Elements

Physical Elements:

  • Relief: Largely dependent on weather. Surface and groundwater contribute to moderation.
  • Climate: Affected by relief; some areas may have heavy or nonexistent rainfall. Vegetation supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
  • Soil: Result of weathering and decomposed organic matter.

Living Elements:

  • Vegetation: Related to climate and soil. Variations in climate affect vegetation, enhanced or degraded by precipitation. Plant formation is tied to specific soil
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