Key Population and Urbanization Terms
Population Terms
Census: Population count at a specific time, collecting and analyzing demographic, cultural, economic, and social data of all inhabitants.
Zero Growth: When births and deaths are equal in number.
Demographics: The quantitative study of populations, including births, deaths, migrations, age, sex, and education.
Population Density: The ratio of inhabitants to the area they occupy.
Emigration: The act of leaving one’s place of origin; negatively impacts natural growth. Net migration is
The Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Industrial Revolution
Read More1) Enlightenment and Absolutism: Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a philosophical, literary, and scientific movement that developed in the 18th century. It emphasized three core ideas:
- Reason applied to all fields.
- Progress achieved through scientific development.
- Happiness as a fundamental human right; policy as a tool for achieving the people’s happiness.
Enlightenment thinkers believed governments must ensure natural rights: freedom, freedom of expression,
Types of Property and Farming Systems: A Deep Dive
Property Types in Agriculture
Property-Average Farms
Most abundant in Europe, especially Catalonia, these farms range from 10 to 200 hectares. They often receive European Union support. In Catalonia, owner-operated farms are prevalent, with owners directly involved in most of the work.
Small-Property Farms
Farms smaller than 10 hectares are common in northern Spain, such as Galicia. The small size makes machinery use difficult. Inheritance often leads to further fragmentation, resulting in owner-
Read MoreProduction Resources, Economic Systems, and the Global Economy
Natural Resources in Production
The production procedure uses many natural resources: earth, water, air, plants, animals, minerals, and energy sources. Natural resources are non-renewable when they deplete with use and cannot be regenerated. Capital resources are not natural; they are employed by producers.
Capital Resources
Capital resources include:
- Physical: Material parts like buildings, machinery, and tools.
- Human: Employee training and experience.
- Financial: Money needed to establish and maintain
19th Century Spain: Economic Transformations, Industrialization, and Social Change
19th Century Spanish Economy
12.1 Confiscations
The Spanish economy primarily depended on nineteenth-century agriculture. Physical factors, unequal land distribution, and technological shortfalls limited this sector’s contribution to economic modernization. The process of paying back the first part of the agrarian transformation of the nineteenth century, following the example of revolutionary France, involved nationalizing Church or municipal assets to be sold at public auction. Revenues from
Read MoreShifts in Spain’s Workforce: Economic Sector Evolution (1900-2001)
Evolution of the Active Population by Economic Sectors in Spain (1900-2001)
This presentation analyzes the evolution of the active population in Spain across economic sectors from 1900 to 2001, using a bar graph and a multiple line graph. The graphs illustrate the workforce distribution in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, providing an evolutionary and comparative perspective.
Labor force: All persons over 16 years of age until retirement who contribute to the production of goods and services
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